中国国有企业产权变革的社会逻辑  

The Social Logic of the Property Rights Reform in the State-Owned Enterprises of China

作　　者：王庆明 Wang Qingming

机构地区：[1]南开大学社会学院,天津300350

出　　处：《学海》2025年第1期113-124,214,共13页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划重点项目“乡村振兴中的集体产权改革研究”(项目号:TJSR23-001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在中国特定历史条件下形成的国有企业不仅是一般的经济组织,而且承担着重要的社会功能。从社会主义公有制企业产权界定的难题出发,文章重新检视了企业与产权两个基础性概念,并从产权社会学视角揭示出国企产权变革是涉及企业所有权置换和职工身份置换的“双向进程”。在制度分析和组织分析的基础上,文章提出“把人带回产权分析的中心”,并从长时段考察“工人是企业主人”这一主人翁话语的认知基础与产权意涵。在国有企业产权变革的整体进程中,产权不单是一种市场性合约,还是一种社会性合约。国企产权界定除了受到经济因素影响外,还受到社会因素的影响。国有企业运行的社会成本、企业组织及其员工的社会身份等级、国有企业嵌入的多重社会关系网络,以及国家、企业和职工三者对产权的社会认知,构成国企产权界定的社会逻辑。Chinese state-owned enterprises not only exist as economic organizations,but also have important social functions.Starting from the difficult problem of defining the property rights of socialist state-owned enterprises,this paper re-examines the two basic concepts of enterprise and property rights,and reveals that the property rights reform of state-owned enterprises includes two processes of ownership replacement and worker identities ' changing from the perspective of property rights sociology.Based on the institutional and organizational analysis,this paper wants to bring people back to the center of property rights analysis,and examines the cognitive basis and property rights implications contained in the discourse——"workers are the owners of the enterprises——from a long-term perspective.In the whole reform process,property rights is not only the market contracts,but also the social contracts.It means that the definition of property rights is influenced by both economic factors and social factors.The social logic of defining property rights of stateowned enterprises contains four elements:the social costs of enterprise operation,the status level of enterprises and workers in society,multiple social relationships embedded by the enterprises and the social recognition formed by the state,enterprises and workers.

关 键 词：国有企业 产权变革 产权社会学 社会逻辑 不完全企业 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理] F271[经济管理—国民经济]