重金属生物可给性体外模拟方法研究进展  

Research Progress of In vitro Assessment of Heavy Metals Bioaccessibility

作　　者：张玉康 瞿福 阮若涵 王翠婷 刘雪 ZHANG Yukang;QU Fu;RUAN Ruohan;WANG Cuiting;LIU Xue(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation,Restoration and Ecological Services,Institute of Ecology and Environment(College of Wetland),Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学水土与保持学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室,西南林业大学生态与环境学院(湿地学院),昆明650224

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期221-237,共17页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：云南省农业联合专项(202301BD070001-154,202101BD070001-043);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(YNQR-QNRC-2018-027);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20220752042,20220752014);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2024Y599);国家自然科学基金项目(41867066,41907129)。

摘　　要：随着社会经济的快速发展,环境中重金属污染问题日益突出。重金属可通过食物链富集、传递进入人体,具有潜在食品安全风险和人体健康风险。目前,土壤中重金属的生态环境风险和食物中重金属的食品安全风险和人体健康风险通常基于总量进行评估。然而,经物理化学作用驱动的解吸过程溶解于消化液的部分(即生物可给部分)才有可能被人体吸收,故基于总量的评价方法易导致风险被高估。因此,基于重金属生物可给性的评价方法引起广泛关注。已发展的可预测或评估污染介质中重金属生物可给性的体外模拟方法主要包括PBET(physiologically based extraction test)、IVG(in vitrogastrointestinal)、UBM(Unified BARGE Method)、DIN(Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.)和SBRC(Solubility or Bioavailability Research Consortium)等,不同方法在胃肠模拟液成分、适用性和准确性等方面存在差异。因此,本文通过介绍重金属生物可给性体外模拟方法的特点与应用现状,重点阐述不同方法的适用性、准确性及其影响因素,并对其推广应用和后续研究进行了展望,以期为重金属食品安全风险与人体健康风险的科学预测与评价及重金属超标风险管控提供理论依据和方法参考。With the rapid development of society and economy,the environmental pollution induced by heavy metals has increased.Heavy metals can be accumulated and transported via food chain,thereby posing potential risks to food safety and human health.Generally,the ecological-environmental,food safety and human health risks of heavy metals are evaluated based on the total concentration.However,the bioaccessible fraction after physicochemical desorption from the contaminated matrix is the part potentially absorbed by human body.Therefore,risk assessment based on the total concentration leads to risk-overestimation.At present,risk assessment based on heavy metals bioaccessibility has attracted increasing attention.The developed in vitro methods to predict or assess metals bioaccessibility include Physiologically Based Extraction Test(PBET),In vitro Gastrointestinal(IVG),Unified BARGE Method(UBM),Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.(DIN)and Solubility or Bioavailability Research Consortium(SBRC).However,methods show great differences in simulation solution composition,applicability and accuracy.Therefore,this review introduces the characteristics and application of different in vitro methods,with more emphasis on clarifying their applicability,accuracy and the associated influencing factors.In addition,the ways to improve the assessment accuracy of in vitro methods are proposed.The information helps to better predict and evaluate heavy metals risk and provides theoretical and technical supports for risk control.

关 键 词：重金属 生物可给性 体外模拟 影响因素 准确性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]