细胞学说的提出与修正  

The Proposal and Revision of the Cell Theory

作　　者：陈家豪 林心月 CHEN Jiahao;LIN Xinyue(Department of Scientific History and Archaeome-try,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,安徽合肥230026 [2]中国科学院大学自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2025年第3期72-76,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

摘　　要：通过分析细胞学说提出的时代背景,系统剖析了该学说的形成条件,包括寻求动植物结构统一概念的需求、器官和组织概念的发展、细胞概念的提出以及实验透镜放大倍数的提高。种种条件均为细胞学说的提出奠定了理论基础。系统总结了细胞学说的提出过程,对比了施莱登和施旺关于植物细胞与动物细胞的主要论断,梳理细胞学说中自由细胞概念和细胞来源论断的修正过程,分析舒尔茨、赫特维希、微耳和等对这一科学进程所作出的贡献。正确认识细胞学说对于生命科学和生物医学发展有重要意义。This paper analyzes the historical context of the development of the cell theory and systematically examines the conditions that led to its formulation,including the need for a unified concept of plant and animal structure,the development of the concepts of organs and tissues,the introduction of the concept of the cell,and the improvement in the magnification power of experimental microscopes.These factors collectively laid the theoretical foundation for the establishment of the cell theory.The paper systematically summarizes the process of the development of the cell theory,comparing the main assertions made by Schleiden and Schwann regarding plant and animal cells.It outlines the revision process of the concepts of free cells and the theory of cell origin within the cell theory and analyzes the contributions of scholars such as Schultze,Hertwig,and Virchow to this scientific progress.A correct understanding of the significance of the cell theory is essential for the development of life sciences and biomedicine.

关 键 词：细胞学说 原生质 施莱登 施旺 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]