理解马克思道德观应把握的六个命题  

Six Propositions for Understanding Marx's Moral Outlook

作　　者：李培超 田逸辰[2] LI Peichao;TIAN Yichen

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学马克思主义学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中华伦理文明研究中心,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第1期62-73,共12页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“马克思主义伦理思想中国化时代化历程研究”(22VRC026);湖南省智库重大项目“马克思主义理论形态历史演变研究”(21ZWA07);湖南省研究生科研资助项目“中国近代道德话语研究”(CX20240478)。

摘　　要：作为马克思主义思想的重要组成部分,马克思的道德观不是零散的个别结论,而是有着丰富的理论内涵和完整的思想演进脉络。马克思的道德观以追随启蒙伦理为逻辑起点,在对道德与利益关系的思考中实现初步转折;通过“解剖”市民社会确立了道德的历史基础和现实基础,明确了无产阶级对人类解放的使命担当;以异化劳动批判揭示了无产阶级的现实地位,揭示了人的本质实现的政治条件;通过历史唯物主义建构明确了思考道德问题的立场、观点和方法,体现了马克思主义道德观的革命意义;以人的自由全面发展为最终价值取向,进一步确定了道德发展进步的主体维度。通过对这六个问题的分析,我们不仅能够深入理解马克思道德观的特质和意义,而且也能够完整把握其形成的历史过程。As an important part of Marxist thought,Marx's moral outlook is not scattered individual conclusions,but have rich theoretical connotations and a complete context of ideological evolution.Marx's moral outlook takes following the enlightenment ethics as the logical starting point,and achieved a preliminary turning point in the reflection on the relationship between morality and interests.Through the“dissection”of civil society,the historical and practical basis of morality is established,and the mission of the proletariat for the emancipation of mankind is clarified.Through the critique of alienated labor,the actual position of the proletariat and the political conditions for the realization of human essence are revealed.The construction of historical materialism clarifies the position,viewpoint and methods for thinking about moral issues,reflecting the revolutionary significance of Marxist moral outlook.With the free and all-round development of human beings as the ultimate value orientation,the subjective dimension of moral development and progress is further determined.Through the analysis of these six issues,we can not only deeply understand the characteristics and significance of Marx's moral outlook,but also fully grasp the historical process of its formation.

关 键 词：马克思 道德观 人的本质 历史唯物主义 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]