会话构式“什么呀”的功能表达及固化过程  

Functional Expression and Solidification Process of Conversational Construction“Shenmeya(什么呀)”

作　　者：潘晓军[1] PAN Xiaojun(School of Liberal Arts,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学文学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《长春师范大学学报》2025年第1期92-98,共7页Journal of Changchun Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(14CYY032);安徽省哲学社会科学规划青年项目(AHSKQ2020D196);安徽省高校优秀人才支持计划重点项目(gxyqZD2020081);安徽省教育厅国际中文教育研究课题(皖教秘外[2023]59号)。

摘　　要：本文基于认知语法与会话策略视角,深度剖析汉语口语会话构式“什么呀”。在认知域方面,其于知域、行域、言域的表现均背离预期,且各域在语义、形式与知情状态上各具特性,形成独特表达体系。话语功能上,依否定特性可分为自启与他启纠偏、完全与局部否定、精确与模糊否定等类型。其典型功能是说话者对听话者的否定反馈,受会话情境影响产生多元话语效果,深度融入交际互动。固化进程中,“什么”的否定功能与“呀”的交互功能促使“什么呀”成为稳定语用表达式,位置多样且常与否定成分共现,在语用否定作用下演变为关键否定语用标记。From the perspectives of cognitive grammar and conversational strategy,this paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the Chinese spoken conversational construction“shenmeya”.In the cognitive domain,its performances in the epistemic,content,and speech-act domains all diverge from expectations.Moreover,each domain exhibits unique features in terms of semantics,form,and knowledge status,thereby constructing a distinctive expressive framework.Regarding the discourse function,based on the characteristics of negation,it can be classified into self-initiated and other-initiated repair,complete and partial negation,as well as precise and fuzzy negation.Its typical function is the negative feedback from the speaker to the hearer.Under the influence of the conversational context,it gives rise to diverse discourse effects and is deeply involved in the communicative interaction.During the solidification process,the negative function of“shenme”and the interactive function of“ya”jointly contribute to the formation of“shenmeya”as a stable pragmatic expression.It appears in various positions and frequently co-occurs with negative components.Eventually,under the influence of pragmatic negation,it evolves into a crucial negative pragmatic marker.

关 键 词：“什么呀” 认知域 互动交际 否定功能 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]