存思·神思·卧游:道教修习术与文论的会通转化  

“Cun Si”“Divine Thoughts”“Spiritual Travel”:the Convergence of Taoist Cultivation Techniques and Artistic Aesthetic

作　　者：万晴川 周霄 WAN Qingchuan;ZHOU Xiao(College of Literature,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009;School of Literature and Journalism Communication,Sanjiang University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210012;School of International Education,Nanjing Vocational College of Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 220000,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院 [2]三江学院文学与新闻传播学院 [3]南京科技职业学院国际教育学院,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期108-117,共10页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“清代小说中的文论话语整理及价值研究”(编号:22BZW111)。

摘　　要：“存思”是汉魏时期产生的道教修炼方法,以冥想或幻觉的主观形式发生。存思将人体器官比拟为自然山水,所使用图画或所见“内景”也是山水图景,这样就与山水画和山水文学创作发生了联通,并内化为一种文学艺术创作和思维活动。首先,“存思”转化为“神思”创作活动,作家“视通万里”,能够想象从未涉足的地方并加以描绘;其次,“存思”转化为“卧游”审美方式,观者神与物游,澄怀味象,体悟自然生命之道,实现审美超越;最后,存思俗化为一种旅游活动,刺激相关文学的创作与刊行。“存思”“神思”“卧游”之间会通转化,皆以可见之画与不可见之画为中介,“文—图”互文,迁想妙得,是中国传统文艺创作和审美活动的独特呈现方式和生成机制。“Cun Si”is a unique practice in the Daoist Shangqing School during the Han and Wei dynasties,manifesting through the subjective form of meditation or hallucination.“Cun Si”analogizes human organs to natural landscapes,with the images or“internal scenes”perceived also taking the form of landscape pictures.The portraits and scenes used in“Cun Si”are mostly landscape paintings,which have a connection with landscape painting and landscape literary creation,and internalize into a form of literary artistic creation and thinking activity.Firstly,“Cun Si”is transformed into the creative activity of“Divine Thoughts”,where writers achieve“vision that penetrates thousands of miles”and imagine and depict places they have never been to.Secondly,“Cun Si”is transformed into“Spiritual Travel”,where the viewers engage in a spiritual journey with objects,experience and understand the way of natural life,and achieve aesthetic transcendence.Finally,“Cun Si”is vulgarized into a special form of tourism,stimulating the creation and publication of“Spiritual Travel”literature.The inter-communication and transformation between“Cun Si”“Divine Thoughts”and“Spiritual Travel”are all mediated by visible and invisible paintings,featuring a“text-image”intertextuality and achieving subtle insights through transferred thought,and it is a unique presentation and generative mechanism of traditional Chinese literary and artistic creation and aesthetic activities.

关 键 词：存思 神思 卧游 创作 审美 旅游 

分 类 号：I0-05[文学—文学理论]