高精度空间飞行器姿态算法研究  

Research on Attitude Algorithms for High Precision Space Vehicles

作　　者：宋科颖 朱汉青 SONG Keying;ZHU Hanqing(North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,School of Information Engineering,Zhengzhou Henan 450045,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学信息工程学院,河南郑州450045

出　　处：《长江信息通信》2025年第1期53-56,共4页Changjiang Information & Communications

摘　　要：随着科学技术的飞速发展和人类太空探索的不断深入,空间飞行器越来越广泛地应用于科研、遥感和国防安全等领域。在这些应用中,轨道规划和优化以及高精度姿态控制技术越来越重要,是确保太空任务取得成功的关键因素。但由于空间飞行器动力学和运动学方程的深度非线性和强耦合特性,传统求解方法难以有效应对如此高复杂度的计算,还可能导致解的不稳定性和误差累积,因此,直接采用传统方法求解此类问题显得尤为艰巨。针对这一问题,该文通过建立可靠的空间绕飞飞行器间相对运动模型,针对非线性非高斯滤波问题,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波改进空间绕飞飞行器的姿态估计,聚焦于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的深入探究上,旨在通过理论分析剖析其在空间绕飞飞行器实现高精度姿态确定方面的应用潜力与优势。并通过对空间飞行器绕飞运动的建模和仿真分析,验证了算法的有效性,该算法的姿态估计精度相比传统算法有大幅度提高,为研究人员制定有效的空间飞行器姿态控制策略提供了重要的参考依据。With the rapid development of science and technology and the deepening of human space exploration,space vehicles are more and more widely used in scientific research,remote sensing and national defense and security.In these applications,orbit planning and optimization as well as high-precision attitude control techniques are becoming increasingly important and are key factors in ensuring the success of space missions.However,due to the deep nonlinearity and strong coupling characteristics of the space vehicle dynamics and kinematics equations,it is difficult for the traditional solution methods to effectively cope with such high complexity calculations,which may also lead to instability and error accumulation of the solutions,and thus it is particularly challenging to solve such problems directly by the traditional methods.To address this problem,this paper improves the attitude estimation of space orbiting vehicles by establishing a reliable relative motion model between space orbiting vehicles,and adopts the extended Kalman filtering for the nonlinear non-Gaussian filtering problem,focusing on the in-depth investigation of the extended Kalman filtering algorithm,and aiming to analyze the potential and advantages of its application in the realization of high-precision attitude determination of space orbiting vehicles through theoretical analysis.Through the modeling and simulation analysis of space vehicle orbiting motion,the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified,and the attitude estimation accuracy of the algorithm is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional algorithm,which provides an important reference for the researchers to formulate an effective attitude control strategy for space vehicles.

关 键 词：空间飞行器姿态估计 扩展卡尔曼滤波 仿真 四元数 星敏感器 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]