高考改革促进学生德智体美劳全面发展研究  

Research on Reform of College Entrance Examination Promotes Students’All-Around Development of Morality,Intelligence,Physical,Aesthetics,and Labor Education

作　　者：刘海峰[1,2] 朱沛沛 LIU Haifeng;ZHU Peipei(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058;Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学科举学与考试研究中心,浙江杭州310058 [2]国家教育咨询委员会 [3]南昌大学教育发展研究院校,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2025年第2期44-50,共7页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学2020年度重大课题攻关项目“高校考试招生改革引导学生德智体美劳全面发展研究”(20JZD050)的研究成果。

摘　　要：采用质性研究方法,基于政策工具理论视角,通过对全国“高考改革问卷调查”中大学生“关于高考综合改革促进德智体美劳全面发展的建议”开放题的4432份有效答卷数据分析发现,高考试卷促进学生德智体美劳全面发展存在难以统一测量和易造成应试教育的局限,但可发挥智育对德体美劳四育的促进作用并提升智育考核质量;选科制度促进学生德智体美劳全面发展需要加强高中生涯规划教育和师资队伍建设相配套,并优化赋分机制和招生计划分配;综合素质评价促进学生德智体美劳全面发展面临城乡、家庭差异问题,内容设计与实践操作尚待完善。建议努力把握德智体美劳全面发展与个性发展的辩证统一,合理使用高考试卷、选科制度、综合素质评价三类不同效力的政策工具,正确认识高考改革对学生德智体美劳全面发展的促进作用。Using qualitative research methods and policy instruments theory,this study analyzed valid responses of 4432 college students to the open-ended question“Suggestions on Promoting the All-round Development of Morality,Intelligence,Physical,Aesthetic,and Labor Education in College Entrance Examination(CEE)Comprehensive Reform”in“CEE Reform Questionnaire Survey”,the results show the following:The promotion of students’all-round development through CEE papers is difficult to measure uniformly and may cause limitations in exam-oriented education.However,it can promote the four aspects through intellectual education,and improve its quality;To promote the all-round development through subject-selection system,it is necessary to strengthen the matching of high-school career planning education and the construction of teaching staff,and optimize scoring mechanism and enrollment plan allocation;The comprehensive quality evaluation promotes the allround development,facing urban-rural and family differences.The content design and practical operation still need to be improved.The authors suggest grasping the dialectical unity between all-round development and individuality;Reasonably use CEE papers,subject selection,and comprehensive quality evaluation;Correctly understand the promoting effect of CEE reform on the all-round development.

关 键 词：高考改革 德智体美劳 高考试卷 选科制度 综合素质评价 

分 类 号：G632.474[文化科学—教育学]