紧急制动条件下重载货车车辆动力学行为研究  

Vehicle dynamics behavior of heavy‑haul wagon vehicle under emergency braking conditions

作　　者：刘开忠 王志伟[1,2] 张卫华 LIU Kaizhong;WANG Zhiwei;ZHANG Weihua(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2025年第2期365-374,共10页Journal of Vibration Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52205217);四川省自然科学基金资助项目(2022NSFSC1964)。

摘　　要：重载列车实施制动时,列车车辆所表现出的动力学行为比无制动情况下更加复杂,这给列车行车安全带来了极大的考验。为研究紧急制动条件下重载列车最大车钩力处的车辆动力学行为,以中国25 t轴重重载货车为研究对象,建立考虑闸瓦摩擦制动的重载货车车辆-轨道纵垂耦合动力学模型。基于此,系统地研究了车辆在紧急制动时,不同运行速度和黏着状态对轮轨动态作用和车辆振动响应的影响。结果表明:紧急制动条件下,闸瓦压力及纵向车钩力会加剧轮轨动力相互作用,同时导致轨下结构的位移发生变化;低黏着状态对轮对纵向相互作用影响显著,导致纵向蠕滑率和磨耗数急剧增加,加剧车轮打滑和车轮磨损的风险,且低速下的影响更大;此外,低黏着状态及纵向车钩力对轮对旋转和纵向运动均有显著影响,导致轮对振动加剧,动力学性能恶化。When braking is applied to a heavy-haul train,the dynamic behavior of the train becomes more complex compared to when there is no braking,which poses significant challenges to the safety of train operations.In order to study the vehicle dynamics behavior at the maximum coupler force of a heavy-haul train under emergency braking conditions,a vehicle-track and longitudinal-vertical coupled dynamic model,considering the effects of shoe friction braking,is established with a 25 t axle heavy-haul wagon from China as the research object.On this basis,this study systematically examines the impact of varying running speeds and adhe-sion conditions on the dynamic wheel-rail interaction and vehicle vibration response during emergency braking.The results show that under braking conditions,the brake shoe pressure and longitudinal coupler force exacerbate the wheel-rail dynamic interaction and cause changes in the displacement of the under-rail structure.The low adhesion condition has a significant effect on the longitu-dinal interaction of the wheelsets,leading to a sharp increase in the longitudinal creep rate and wear number,thus increasing the risk of wheel slip and wear.This effect is more pronounced at low speeds.Moreover,the low adhesion condition and longitudinal coupler force significantly affect both the rotational and longitudinal motion of the wheelsets,leading to increased wheelset vibra-tion and deterioration of vehicle dynamics.

关 键 词：车辆-轨道耦合动力学 重载货车 闸瓦制动 动力学行为 轮轨相互作用 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程]