异质性视角下中国高学历人才分布格局及其影响因素——基于地级行政区尺度的考察  

Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Highly Educated Talent in China from a Heterogeneity Perspective:An Examination Based on Prefectural Administrative Regions

作　　者：武荣伟 王远鑫 张钦 周亮 Wu Rongwei;Wang Yuanxin;Zhang Qin;Zhou Liang(School of Public Administration,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;Faculty of Geomatics,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Law and Sociology,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;China Center for Modernization Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学公共管理学院,重庆400067 [2]兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,兰州730070 [3]重庆工商大学法学与社会学学院,重庆400067 [4]中国科学院中国现代化研究中心,北京100190 [5]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190

出　　处：《热带地理》2025年第2期183-196,共14页Tropical Geography

基　　金：重庆市社会科学基金项目(2021BS073);国家自然科学基金青年项目(42001153);中国科协2023年度科技智库青年人才计划(20230504ZZ07240019)。

摘　　要：异质性视角下,基于各省2010、2020年人口普查与2015年1%人口抽样调查数据,采用基尼系数与可视化的方法,刻画了中国地级行政区大学专科、本科、研究生学历人才分布的时空格局,使用Beta回归模型,从空间类分、空间选择、空间集聚与舒适度偏好4个维度,揭示了不同学历层次人才分布的影响因素。结果发现:1) 2010—2020年,不同学历人才占比的地区差距呈研究生>本科>专科;研究时段内专科、本科、研究生学历人才的地区差距呈缩小态势。2)专科、本科、研究生学历人才比重均呈现行政等级分异特征,即从首都―省会(副省级)城市―地级城市―地区,高学历人才比重逐级递减,其中研究生学历人才等级分异特征最为典型,专科学历人才最为弱化。3)胡焕庸线是高学历人才比重空间结构模式差异的分界线。胡焕庸线东南侧,高学历人才比重呈现中心(省会城市)―外围(一般地级行政区)的空间结构,其中,研究生学历人才空间结构最为典型。胡焕庸线西北侧形成东起大兴安岭林区西至哈密的专科学历、本科学历人才高值分布区。4)空间类分方面,不同学历人才均偏好收入更高、行政级别更高、城镇人口规模更大的地级行政区,且偏好程度总体呈研究生>本科>专科。空间选择方面,地级行政区住房成本越高,就业市场竞争越激烈,对人才的学历层次要求越高,总体呈现研究生>本科>专科。空间集聚方面,地级行政区城镇化水平会促进不同学历层次人才集聚,作用强度表现为专科>本科≈研究生。舒适度方面,地级行政区社会环境舒适度越高,越吸引高学历人才集聚。The number of highly educated individuals continues to grow,and the internal heterogeneity of this group is becoming increasingly evident.Examining these differences in location selection mechanisms from the perspective of heterogeneity is crucial for optimizing talent distribution.In this study,we used population census data from 2010 and 2020,along with 1%population sampling survey data from 2015 across various provinces.We employed the Gini coefficient and visualization methods to depict the spatiotemporal patterns of talent distribution at college,undergraduate,and graduate education levels in Chinese prefecture-level administrative regions.Employing a Beta regression model,we identified the factors that influence talent distribution across four dimensions:spatial sorting,spatial selection,spatial agglomeration,and comfort preferences.The key findings were as follows:1)From 2010 to 2020,regional disparities in educational talent were ranked as postgraduate>undergraduate>college,with a decreasing trend in disparities for all three categories.2)The proportion of college-,undergraduate-,and graduate-level educated individuals exhibited a clear administrative hierarchy,with the proportion of highly educated individuals decreasing from capital cities to provincial capitals(vice-provincial cities),prefecture-level cities,and regions.Hierarchical differentiation was most pronounced for graduate-level individuals,and was least pronounced for college-level individuals.3)The Hu Huanyong Line serves as a dividing line for spatial structural differences in the distribution of highly educated individuals.To the southeast of the line,the spatial structure follows a pattern from the center(provincial capitals)to the periphery(general prefecture-level regions),with graduate-level individuals demonstrating the most characteristic spatial structure.Northwest of the line,a high-talent area for college and undergraduates extends from the Daxinganling Forest region in the east to Hami in the west.4)Urban agglomerations and metrop

关 键 词：高学历人才 异质性 地级行政区 胡焕庸线 中国 

分 类 号：C964.2[经济管理—人力资源管理]