赤霉素处理对无核白葡萄及葡萄干品质的影响  

Effects of gibberellic acid on berry and raisin of Thompson Seedless grape

作　　者：户金鸽 白世践 HU Jinge;BAI Shijian(Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of Grapes and Melons Research Institution,Shanshan 838200,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838200

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2025年第5期272-281,共10页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划“三农”骨干人才项目(2023SNGGNT062);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A120);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A101);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2022B02045-2);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(KY2023099)。

摘　　要：为优化无核白葡萄赤霉素(gibberellin acid,GA_(3))处理方案,提升葡萄及葡萄干品质,以无核白葡萄为试材,设置5种GA_(3)处理(花期不处理+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开75%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开100%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后4 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)),以花期、花后10 d均不进行GA_(3)处理为对照组,测定葡萄、葡萄干品质及产量指标。结果表明,GA_(3)处理可有效增大无核白葡萄果穗、果粒质量及果形指数,提高鲜果硬度和维生素C含量,促进葡萄色泽变绿。经GA_(3)处理的无核白葡萄所制葡萄干色泽L∗值、a∗值降低,葡萄干亮度降低、色泽变绿;花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)处理的葡萄及葡萄干产量最高,分别达74.10 t/hm^(2)和17.33 t/hm^(2),葡萄干单粒质量、果形指数最大,分别为1.20 g和2.96,具有较高的酚类物质和抗氧化活性。主成分分析结果直观地反映出各处理葡萄、葡萄干品质分布状况,建立综合评价模型得出花后2 d 75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/LGA_(3)处理综合得分最高,应用效果最好。The goals of this study was to optimize gibberellin acid(GA_(3))treatment measure on Thompson Seedless,and to improve the quality of grapes and raisins.This study taken Thompson Seedless grape as material,the experiment consisted of five treatments no treatment during bloom+150 mg/L GA_(3),10 days post-bloom,75 mg/L GA_(3),75%bloom+150 mg/L GA_(3),10 days post-bloom,75 mg/L GA_(3),100%bloom+150 mg/L GA_(3),10 days post-bloom,75 mg/L GA_(3),2 days post-bloom+150 mg/L GA_(3),10 days post-bloom,75 mg/L GA_(3),4 days post-bloom+150 mg/L GA_(3),10 days post-bloom,no spraying(bloom and post-bloom)was the control,berries quality,raisin quality,and yield were assessed.The results showed that cluster weight,berry weight,shape index,berry hardness and vitamin C content increased with GA_(3)treatment,promotes the color to green.The L*and a*value of raisin were decreased with GA_(3)treatment,raisins lost brightness and turned green.The yields of grape and raisin were the highest in(75 mg/L GA_(3),2 days post-bloom+150 mg/L GA_(3),10 days post-bloom)treatment,with 74.10 t/hm^(2) and 17.33 t/hm^(2),respectively,single raisin weight and raisin shape index were also the highest in(75 mg/L GA_(3),2 days post-bloom+150 mg/L GA_(3),10 days post-bloom)treatment,1.20 g and 2.96,respectively,phenolic substances and antioxidant activity were relatively high.The results of principal component analysis directly reflected the quality distribution of berries and raisins in each treatment,(75 mg/L GA_(3),2 days post-bloom+150 mg/L GA_(3),10 days post-bloom)had the highest comprehensive score by comprehensive evaluation model,and the effect on Thompson Seedless with(75 mg/L GA_(3),2 days post-bloom+150 mg/L GA_(3),10 days post-bloom)was the best.

关 键 词：无核白葡萄 赤霉素 葡萄品质 葡萄干品质 

分 类 号：TS255.42[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]