扇贝拖网捕捞技术与装备研究进展  

Research progress on scallop trawl fishing technology and equipment

作　　者：李明智 赵梓轩 刘鹰 卢宏博 杨君德 张媛 LI Mingzhi;ZHAO Zixuan;LIU Ying;HU Hongbo;YANG Junde;ZHANG Yuan(College of Navigation and Shipbuilding Engineering,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture(Dalian Ocean University),Ministry of Education,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;Zoneco Group Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116001,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学航海与船舶工程学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]教育部设施渔业重点实验室(大连海洋大学),辽宁大连116023 [3]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [4]獐子岛集团股份有限公司,辽宁大连116001

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2025年第1期1-13,共13页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：设施渔业教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(XL20230024);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-49);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(DL202004);辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2023-BSBA-020)。

摘　　要：随着扇贝增养殖业的迅猛发展,中国已成为全球重要的扇贝生产国。然而,中国扇贝捕捞技术与装备相对落后,存在捕捞效率低、碎贝量高,以及造成海底生态环境破坏等突出问题。因此,开发环境友好型捕捞技术与装备对于推动扇贝增养殖型海洋牧场建设具有重要意义。该研究综述了国内外扇贝捕捞的主要技术和装备类型,包括扫荡式、挖掘式、防误捕式、水动力式和抽吸式捕捞技术,以及配套的机械化卸贝装置,通过比较分析,评估在基础研究、捕捞效率、结构设计、生态影响等方面的优缺点及实际应用效果;梳理了中国扇贝捕捞技术装备存在的问题;总结了环境友好型捕捞技术与装备的未来发展方向,可通过生态惊扰机理研究和环境友好型装备研发,集成智能化监测管理与控制技术,实现渔业智能化生产和环境保护协调发展,促进中国扇贝增养殖产业健康可持续发展。With the rapid development of scallop farming in China,the country has become an important global producer of scallops.However,China's scallop fishing technology is relatively backward,presenting issues such as low efficiency,a high amount of broken scallops,and ecological damage to the seabed.Therefore,developing environmentally friendly fishing techniques and equipment is crucial for promoting the construction of scallop aquaculture-type marine pastures.This research reviews the main scallop fishing techniques and equipment both domestically and internationally,including sweeping,digging,anti-misoperation,hydrodynamic,and suction fishing methods,along with supporting mechanized shellfish unloading devices.Through comparative analysis,it evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies in terms of basic research,fishing efficiency,structural design,and ecological impact,as well as their practical application effects.Sweeping fishing is suitable for large-scale and rapid harvesting but causes significant ecological disturbance to the seabed and is prone to mistakenly capturing non-target species.Digging fishing is appropriate for collecting scallops on hard substrates,reducing environmental damage,though its efficiency is relatively low.Anti-misoperation fishing reduces the bycatch rate of non-target species,protecting marine biodiversity,but it comes with higher costs.Hydrodynamic fishing utilizes water flow to guide scallops into nets,minimizing seabed ecological impact,yet it requires precise control of water flow parameters.Suction fishing is suitable for shallow sandy substrates with minimal ecological impact but remains in the experimental stage.This article summarizes the problems in China’s scallop fishing technology and proposes future development directions.It advocates for in-depth exploration of the impact mechanisms of fishing on underwater ecosystems to provide theoretical support for reducing ecological impacts.Developing new materials and technologies to optimize existing net des

关 键 词：扇贝 拖网捕捞 研究进展 发展对策 

分 类 号：S972.69[农业科学—捕捞与储运]