乃仁陶勒盖遗址出土木炭揭示裕民文化人群的木材利用策略  

Research on the charcoal unearthed from Narren Tolgoi Site,revealing the wood utilization strategies of the population during the Yumin culture period

作　　者：王海燕[1] 王树芝 胡晓农 孙永刚[4] 焦延静 Wang Haiyan;Wang Shuzhi;Hu Xiaonong;Sun Yonggang;Jiao Yanjing(School of History,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488;Laboratory of Archeological Sciences and Cultural Heritage Conservation,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(Chinese Academy of History,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences),Beijing 102488;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Hohhot 010010;Chifeng College,Chifeng,Inner Mongolia 024000)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院(中国历史研究院、中国社会科学院大学)科技考古与文化遗产保护重点实验室,北京102488 [3]内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院,呼和浩特010010 [4]赤峰学院,内蒙古自治区赤峰024000

出　　处：《地质科学》2025年第1期138-149,共12页Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“文化科技与现代服务业”重点专项“中国北方旱作农业起源、形成与发展研究(一期)”(编号:2022YFF0903500);“中华文明探源研究”(编号:2020YFC1521605);中国社会科学院优势学科和科技考古实验室项目(编号:DF2023YS13,2024SYZH002);中国社会科学院创新项目“木材考古年代、微环境及木材利用”(编号:2021KGYJ020)资助。

摘　　要：考古遗址中出土的木炭,可以揭示古代人类对木材的利用,当时的生业模式和环境变化,也为古生物、古环境、古地质学研究提供更多材料。乃仁陶勒盖遗址是内蒙古自治区发现的规模较大的裕民文化时期人类居住遗址,年代在7.6~7.2 ka B.P.。2020年在遗址发掘过程中采集81份土样,经过浮选获得大于2 mm木炭1147块,依据木材的解剖特征,对木材进行识别。经鉴定有10个属,包括榆属(Ulmus sp.)、李属(Prunus sp.)、柳属(Salix sp.)、侧柏属(Platycladus sp.)、刺柏属(Juniperus sp.)、槭属(Acer sp.)、黄檗属(Phellodendron sp.)、栒子属(Cotoneaster sp.)、铁木属(Ostrya sp.)、胡颓子属(Elaeagnus sp.),还有禾本科植物和1个未知阔叶树种。结果表明,该地区裕民文化时期曾经分布有丰富的林地植被,当时气候温暖湿润,气候环境远优于现代。从房址和灶址中出土的木炭,推测当时的先民可能使用榆属、李属、柳属、侧柏属、刺柏属木材建造房屋或做工具,以李属、榆属、侧柏属、槭属等木材做燃料。榆属、李属木材在先民日常生活中具有重要作用。同时,推测裕民文化时期先民可能有意识地选择和管理遗址周围果实可食用或者其他部分可食用的木本植物,丰富食物资源。本研究为探讨裕民文化时期古代先民的木材利用、重建遗址微环境和生业模式提供了新的重要例证。The charcoal unearthed from archaeological sites can reveal the ancient human use of wood,subsistence model and environmental changes,and provide more materials for paleogeology research.Narren Tolgoi Site is a large Neolithic human habitation site discovered in Inner Mongolia,during 7.6~7.2 ka B.P.period.In 2020,with the excavation of the site,81 charcoal samples were collected,yielding 1147 pieces of charcoal larger than 2 mm.These charcoals were identified as 10 different genera based on its anatomical characteristics:Ulmus sp.,Prunus sp.,Salix sp.,Platycladus sp.,Juniperus sp.,Acer sp.,Phellodendron sp.,Cotoneaster sp.,Ostrya sp.,Elaeagnus sp.,along with Poaceae family and one unidentified broad-leaf tree species.Among them,Ulmus sp.charcoal accounted for the largest proportion at 49.83%,followed by Prunus sp.at 26.97%,Salix sp.at 8.29%,Platycladus sp.at 7.42%,with other three species making up smaller proportions.By analyzing the habitat characteristics of the different plants and the ecological factors of their coexistence,it was concluded that during the Yumin culture period,the region had abundant forest vegetation and the climate was warmer and more humid,far better than today's climate.Based on house sites and hearths,it is speculated that the early inhabitants used Ulmu sp.,Prunus sp.,Salix sp.,Platycladus sp.,and Juniperus sp.to build houses or make tools.Ulmus sp.and Prunus sp.wood played a significant role in the daily lives of the early inhabitants,and it was possible that during the Yumin culture period,they consciously selected and managed woody plants with edible fruits or other edible parts around the site to enrich their diet.The study results of fauna and flora indicated that the economy of the early inhabitants during the Yumin culture period were primarily provided with gathering and hunting,but the cultivation of common millet and broomcorn millet had already begun,providing valuable material for research on the origins of arid farming.Moreover,the inhabitants of the Yumin culture period m

关 键 词：乃仁陶勒盖遗址 裕民文化 木炭分析 生业模式 生态环境 

分 类 号：P871[天文地球] Q914.5[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]