保定市售面粉重金属含量特征及健康风险评价  

Characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metal contents in commercial wheat flour in Baoding City

作　　者：李鼎豪 陈苗苗[1] 高培培 华桂丽 耿丽平[1] 刘文菊[1] 薛培英[1] LI Dinghao;CHEN Miaomiao;GAO Peipei;HUA Guili;GENG Liping;LIU Wenju;XUE Peiying(Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Farmland in Hebei,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,保定071000

出　　处：《环境化学》2025年第2期655-665,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金重点项目(C2021204097);国家自然科学基金(42277400)资助.

摘　　要：本研究以保定市售面粉为研究对象,利用红外石墨消解仪消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICPMS)测定面粉中重金属铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)和砷(As)的含量,对比分析了不同筋力水平和加工精度小麦面粉中的重金属含量特征,并采用化学致癌物和化学非致癌物模型进行人体健康风险评价.结果表明:采集的100份市售面粉中重金属Pb含量范围为ND—0.098 mg·kg^(-1),Cd含量范围为0.0043—0.043 mg·kg^(-1),As含量范围为ND—0.032 mg·kg^(-1),均未超过我国食品安全限量标准(GB 2762-2022),食用该面粉对人体造成的致癌风险在人体可接受水平之内,且不会造成非致癌风险;不同筋力面粉中Pb、Cd和As平均含量均表现为低筋面粉显著低于中筋面粉和高筋面粉,分别为中筋面粉和高筋面粉的0.81—0.94倍、0.26—0.28倍和0.40—0.46倍,中筋面粉和高筋面粉中Pb、Cd和As含量差异均不显著;随着加工精度增加,面粉中Cd和Pb含量呈降低趋势,全麦面粉中Cd和Pb含量最高,分别为特制一等粉的1.95倍和1.90倍(P<0.05),不同加工精度面粉中As含量无显著差异.总之,面粉加工精度和筋力水平影响重金属分布,高筋面粉和低加工精度面粉中重金属含量较高,但是食用市售面粉均不会造成健康风险,该结果可为小麦安全加工和食用提供保障.Concentrations of Lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)in commercial wheat flour collected from Baoding City were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)after digested by infrared graphite digestion instrument.Characteristics of Pb,Cd and As in wheat flour with different levels of gluten and processing precision were analyzed.Chemical carcinogen and non-carcinogen models were applied for assessing human health risks of heavy metals in flour.Results showed that the ranges of Pb,Cd and As concentrations in 100 samples of commercial wheat flour were ND-0.098 mg·kg^(-1),0.0043-0.043 mg·kg^(-1) and ND-0.032 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,which were lower than the permissible limits set for food(GB 2762-2022).Additionally,the carcinogenic risks associated with consuming wheat flour were within acceptable levels for human health,and could not causing carcinogenic risk.The average contents of Pb,Cd,and As in the flour with low gluten were 0.81-0.94 times,0.26-0.28 times and 0.40-0.46 times of those in medium and high gluten flour,respectively,however,there were not significant differences between the average contents of Pb,Cd,and As in medium and high gluten flour.Furthermore,the contents of Cd and Pb in flour showed a decreasing trend with increasing processing precision of wheat flour.The Cd and Pb concentrations in whole wheat flour were 1.95 times and 1.90 times of those in Grade 1 flour(P<0.05),respectively.There were no significant differences in As concentrations among flour with different processing precision.In conclusion,the distribution of heavy metals was impacted by the processing precision and gluten levels of flour.Wheat flour with high gluten level and low processing precision has higher concentration of heavy metal.However,consumption of commercial wheat flour did not cause health risks,which could provide the grantee of the safe processing and consumption of wheat flour.

关 键 词：面粉 重金属 筋力 加工精度 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]