“死亡”的偶然性意义——舍斯托夫论列夫·托尔斯泰的后期创作  

The Contingency Significance of“Death”:Leo Shestov’s Discussion on Leo Tolstoy’s Later Works

作　　者：曹海艳[1] Cao Haiyan

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学外国语学院,大连116024

出　　处：《外语教育研究》2025年第1期84-91,共8页Foreign Language Education & Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“列夫·舍斯托夫文学批评研究”(项目编号:21BWW034)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：死亡和死亡恐惧是俄国哲学家列夫·舍斯托夫解读列夫·托尔斯泰后期创作的切入点之一。舍斯托夫以托尔斯泰的小说《伊万·伊里奇之死》和《主人与雇工》为例,指出作为偶然性事件的死亡是作家及其笔下人物思想转变的重要契机。死亡的意外出现使故事主人公不仅意识到生活的无意义性,而且认识到理性对生活的统治和人类生存的不自由现实,从而开始了从怀疑、孤独甚或绝望到获得启示之旅。死亡的偶然性意义在于,它是理性束缚下的人从“共同世界”走向“个人世界”的推动力量,使人有机会认识到自身的悲剧性生存境遇,并号召人们在反思中“敢想敢为”,寻找自我拯救之路。Death and the fear of death are one of the entry points for Russian philosopher Lev Shestov in his interpretation of Leo Tolstoy’s later works.Taking Tolstoy’s novellas“The Death of Ivan Ilyich”and“Master and Man”as examples,L.Shestov points out that death as an accidental event is an important turning point for the transformation of the writer’s and his characters’thoughts.The unexpected appearance of death not only makes the story’s protagonist realize the meaninglessness of life,but also makes him recognize the reality of the domination of reason over life and the lack of freedom in human existence,thus beginning a journey from doubt, loneliness, or even despair to enlightenment. The significance of the accidental nature of death lies in that it is the driving force for people bound by reason to move from the “common world” to the “personal world”, giving them the opportunity to recognize their tragic existence and calling on people to “dare to think and dare to act” in reflection, seeking a way to self-redemption.

关 键 词：列夫·舍斯托夫 列夫·托尔斯泰 死亡 偶然性 启示 

分 类 号：I512.074[文学—其他各国文学]