古典哲学家谢林的现代大学观  

Classical Philosopher Schelling's Concept of Modern University

作　　者：贺国庆[1] He Guoqing(College of Teacher Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教师教育学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《教育学展望》2024年第8期102-110,共9页Education Prospects

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2020年教育学一般课题“现代大学思想的源流和影响”(B0A200046)。

摘　　要：谢林是德国古典哲学的代表人物之一,与康德、费希特、黑格尔并称德国古典哲学四大家,谢林的大学观主要反映在《学术研究方法论》一书中。从“同一性哲学”出发,谢林认为科学是一个有机的整体;大学同时肩负科学使命和道德使命;学术自由是大学的关键,但这种自由须得到国家的认可;大学是一种伴随着精神的知识传承机构;大学学习的目的是为了创造而不是为了功利;作为原初知识的哲学是全部知识的科学,由哲学系构成的“艺术联盟”是大学的中心机构。谢林的上述观点几乎被现代大学照单全收。从这个意义上说,在对现代大学理念作出重要贡献的人物中,谢林是完全可以比肩费希特、施莱尔马赫和洪堡等人的。Fredrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling is one of the representative figures of German classical philosophy,along with I.Kant,J.G.Fichte and G.W.F.Hegel,who are known as the four great German classical philosophers.Schelling's concept of university is mainly reflected in Vorlesungen uber die Methode des akademischen Studiums.Starting from the"Philosophy of Identity",Schelling believed that science is an organic whole;the university has both a scientific and a moral mission;academic freedom is the key to university while this freedom must be recognized by the State;the university is an institution for the transmission of knowledge accompanied by spirituality;and the purpose of learning in university is creative rather than utilitarian;philosophy,as the original knowledge,is the science of all knowledge,and the"Union of the Arts"consisting of the philosophy department,is the central institution in university.The ideas above have been accepted almost in their entirety by the modern university.In this sense,Schelling is fully comparable to Fichte,Schleiermacher and Humboldt,among those who have made important contributions to the concept of modern university.

关 键 词：谢林 德国古典哲学 现代大学观 

分 类 号：B51[哲学宗教—外国哲学]