美国拔尖创新人才早期培养项目的类型与特点  

Gifted Education in the United States:Types and Characteristics

作　　者：侯慧捷 胡咏梅 Hou Huijie;Hu Yongmei(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部/首都教育经济研究基地,北京100875

出　　处：《教育学展望》2024年第8期111-125,共15页Education Prospects

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地“十四五”规划重大项目“教育与高质量发展研究”(22JJD880003);北京师范大学教育学部“一流教育学科优秀人才培养机制与成效提升的研究与实践创新研究”(YLXKPY-XBTC202201)。

摘　　要：美国自1931年开始以项目方式普遍推进拔尖创新人才早期培养。历经近一个世纪的发展,美国已建成纵横交织的拔尖创新人才早期培养体系。这个体系主要是由政府、高校、研究机构和企业主导的早期培养项目构成的。研究发现,美国拔尖创新人才早期培养项目呈现以下特点:(1)政府主导项目通过构建多层次、广覆盖的育才体系,实现了创新人才培养在基础教育阶段的常态化渗透,扩大了人才储备基数;(2)高校主导项目依托其雄厚的科研实力与实验资源优势,构建了具有国际影响力的多元化人才培养模式与实践范式,在创新人才发展规律研究方面形成了系统化的理论;(3)研究机构与企业主导项目聚焦理工科领域,通过提供真实科研场景与实践平台,实现了创新人才培养与前沿科技发展的深度融合。三类主体各展所长、优势互补,共同构建起系统完整的拔尖创新人才早期培养体系。这些经验对加强我国拔尖创新人才自主培养体系建设具有重要的借鉴意义。The United States has initiated structured efforts to promote gifted education through dedicated programs since 1931.Over nearly a century of development,the country has established a comprehensive and interconnected system for gifted education.This system is predominantly composed of initiatives driven by government agencies,higher education institutions,research organizations,and enterprises.The study found that the gifted education in the United States exhibits the following characteristics:primarily,government-led programmes achieve the regular penetration in compulsory education through the construction of a multi-level,wide-coverage gifted education system,thereby enlarging the talent pool;secondarily,university-led programmes,relying on the strong scientific research strength and experimental resources,have constructed diversified talent development models and practical paradigms with international influence,and formed a systematic theory in the research of the law of development of innovative talents;tertiarily,research institutes and enterprise-led projects focus on science and technology,and through the provision of real scientific research scenarios and practice platforms,they realize the in-depth integration of innovative talent education and cutting-edge scientific and technological development.Each of the three types of subjects has its own strengths and complementary advantages,and collectively they build a systematic and complete gifted education system.These experiences hold significant value in enhancing the development of an independent education system for China's top-notch innovative talents.

关 键 词：拔尖创新人才 资优教育 天才发展中心 美国 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]