急性有氧运动对大脑功能调控的神经生物学机制研究进展  

Research progress on the neurobiological mechanisms of acute aerobic exercise in regulating brain function

作　　者：赵丽萍[1] 李之彤 张琪 王雅倩 陈雪雪 李媛 刘军[1] 苟波[1,2] Zhao Liping;Li Zhitong;Zhang Qi;Wang Yaqian;Chen Xuexue;Li Yuan;Liu Jun;Gou Bo(Xi'an Physical Education University,Xi'an 710068,China;Key Laboratory of Sports Technology Analysis and Skill Assessment,Xi'an 710068,China)

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院,西安710068 [2]运动技术分析与技能评定国家体育总局重点实验室,西安710068

出　　处：《保健医学研究与实践》2024年第11期137-143,共7页Health Medicine Research and Practice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC2006903)。

摘　　要：老年人的大脑认知功能与年龄的增加呈现负相关,即大脑的认知功能会随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降,主要表现在认知灵活性、记忆能力及注意力下降。近年来,急性有氧运动如何影响大脑认知功能引起人们的关注,成为脑科学研究领域的热点,大量研究证实,有氧运动是改善神经认知功能的有效手段,尤其是对执行功能的影响。因此,本文通过文献资料法,对近些年急性有氧运动调控大脑功能的相关文献进行梳理,探讨急性有氧运动与大脑功能之间的联系,从神经生物学方面揭示急性有氧运动的积极影响和理论依据,梳理出急性有氧运动对大脑功能调控的作用机制是从抑制神经炎症、促进神经营养因子的表达、增强神经可塑性、抑制海马萎缩、增加乳酸含量、增加脑血流量和增加血管内皮剪切力等方面发挥作用,对大脑产生神经生物学影响,调控大脑功能,改善认知功能并促进大脑健康。The cognitive function of the brain in older adults is negatively correlated with age,meaning that cognitive function gradually declines with aging,primarily manifested as reduced cognitive flexibility,memory capacity,and attention.In recent years,how acute aerobic exercise affects brain cognitive function has garnered substantial attention and become a hotspot in brain science research.Numerous studies have confirmed that aerobic exercise is an effective means of improving neurocognitive function,particularly in influencing executive function.Therefore,this paper reviews recent literature on the regulation of brain function by acute aerobic exercise using the literature review method,explores the connection between acute aerobic exercise and brain function,and demonstrates the positive effects and theoretical basis of acute aerobic exercise from a neurobiological perspective.The mechanisms by which acute aerobic exercise regulates brain function include inhibiting neuroinflammation,promoting the expression of neurotrophic factors,enhancing neuroplasticity,inhibiting hippocampal atrophy,increasing lactate levels,promoting cerebral blood flow,and increasing vascular endothelial shear stress.These mechanisms exert neurobiological effects on the brain,regulate brain function,strengthen cognitive function,and promote brain health.

关 键 词：急性有氧运动 大脑功能 神经生物学机制 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]