童心哲学何以是教育学的“第一哲学”?——基于现象学的视角  

Why Childlike Philosophy is the“First Philosophy”of Pedagogy?--Based on the Perspective of Phenomenology

作　　者：姜勇 段青如 JIANG Yong;DUAN Qingru(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062 China;Faculty of Education,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007 China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062 [2]河南师范大学教育学院,新乡453007

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2025年第2期1-14,共14页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“我国普惠性学前教育公共服务体系建设的路径和机制研究”(项目编号:18ZDA336)。

摘　　要：童心哲学是真正“回到儿童本身”的新哲学。唯有将童心哲学作为教育学的第一哲学,教育学才会找寻到教育的终极真理、精神家园、光明大道。童心哲学有三个基本特征:其一,领先性。童心哲学在教育学大厦里具有学科地位的优先性、普遍性和绝对性。其二,开端性。回到教育学的开端既要追溯教育学的历史源头,又要回到教育对象——儿童的源初性。其三,基础性。它包含着一系列关键之问,如:儿童是谁?童年的意义在哪里?如何发现儿童?等等。这些基础性问题构成了一个宏大的童心哲学“系”或童心哲学“树”,牵一发而动全身。科学的童心哲学的形成离不开充盈着人文底蕴,注重自在、丰富、非理性精神的教育环境。在具体的教育过程中要涵养“先验”的自在心灵,丰富“经验”的文化心灵,唤醒“超验”的非理性心灵。The childlike philosophy(CP)is a rediscovery of the great value of childlike innocence and a new philosophy of“returning to children themselves”.Only by taking the CP as the first philosophy of pedagogy can pedagogy find the ultimate truth,spiritual home and bright path of education.The CP has three basic characteristics:The first one is priority.The CP has disciplinary status and priority,universality and absoluteness in the building of pedagogy.The second one is beginning.To return to the beginning of pedagogy,we should not only return to the historical source of pedagogy to analyze,but also return to the source of the educational object,which is child to get close to and grasp the essence of education.The third one is foundational.It contains a series of key questions:What is a child?What is the meaning of childhood?How to study children?How to understand education?These problems constitute a grand“system”or the“tree”of CP,“a slight move in one part may affect the situation as a whole”.CP’s formation needs an environment full of humanistic details and free,rich and irrational spirit.Firstly,it pays attention to the care of the transcendental free mind.Secondly,the cultivation of cultural soul that cares about experience.Thirdly,we should attach importance to the construction of transcendental irrational mind.

关 键 词：童心哲学 第一哲学 现象学 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]