自我解释对4~6岁学前儿童基于规则类别学习的影响  

The Effect of Self-Interpretation on Rule-Based Category Learning in 4 to 6 Years Old Preschoolers

作　　者：崔力炎 张天羽 张向葵 CUI Liyan;ZHANG Tianyu;ZHANG Xiangkui(Center for Ideological and Political Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024 China;School of Psychology,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024 China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学思想政治教育研究中心,长春130024 [2]东北师范大学心理学院,长春130024

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2025年第2期67-79,共13页Studies in Early Childhood Education

摘　　要：自我解释能够有效促进学前儿童基于规则类别学习能力。本研究以417名4~6岁学前儿童为被试,旨在探索自我解释能否促进学前儿童规则建构能力发展并发现更多的类别特征。研究发现:(1)自我解释能够有效促进儿童的类别学习;(2)自我解释对儿童规则建构能力发展的影响存在年龄差异;(3)儿童规则建构能力和自我解释会影响其对类别特征的识别情况。为了更有效地促进学前儿童的早期类别学习和认知发展,教育者可以引导儿童在实际观察、操作和探索中以自我解释的方式将思维过程言语化,从而获得经验性知识,深化对学习内容的理解;在此基础上,根据儿童年龄特点及接受水平来分配教学任务的时间和数量,以过程性积极评价为主,提升儿童自我效能感、注意力及信息加工能力。Self-explanation is capable of effectively facilitating the rule-based category learning ability of preschool children.In this paper,417 preschool children aged 4 to 6 were taken as subjects,aiming to explore whether self-explanation can enhance the rule construction ability of preschool children and discover more of their category characteristics.The results revealed that:(1)Self-explanation can effectively promote children’s category learning;(2)The impact of self-explanation on children’s rule construction ability varies with age;(3)Children’s rule construction ability and self-explanation can affect their recognition of category characteristics.In order to more effectively promote preschool children’s early category learning and cognitive development,it is suggested that educators can deepen their understanding of the learning content by initiating children to generate self-interpretation,helping them verbalize their thinking processes,and enabling them to acquire experiential knowledge through observation,manipulation and exploration.On this basis,the time and number of teaching tasks are designed according to children’s age and acceptance level,and process-oriented positive evaluation is used to promote children’s sense of self-efficacy,thus improving their attention and information processing ability.

关 键 词：自我解释 规则类别学习 类别特征 

分 类 号：G612[文化科学—学前教育学]