无人机撒施装置结构设计与试验  

Structural Design and Experiment of UAV Spreading Device

作　　者：韩玉宝 姬江涛 贺智涛 张瑞瑞[2] 张林焕 陈立平[2] Han Yubao;Ji Jiangtao;He Zhitao;Zhang Ruirui;Zhang Linhuan;Chen Liping(College of Agriculural Equipment Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农业装备工程学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第6期155-162,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(221100110800);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-03);北京市农林科学院杰出科学家培育专项(JKZX202205)。

摘　　要：针对作物在生长中后期通过性差和追肥肥效利用率低的问题,以多旋翼无人机作为载体,基于空气力学原理,结合水稻种植和施肥农艺要求,设计了一种适用于无人机搭载的气力式对行精准施肥装置,探索精准对行、变量可控的高效施肥作业新模式。施肥装置可以实现无人机追肥作业的对行变量施肥和排肥量精准调控。为检测无人机施肥装置的作业性能,对不同转速下单个排肥器的排肥稳定性、6行施肥单体的各行一致性和施肥量偏差进行试验研究。结果表明:在转速水平为10~60 r/min条件下,施肥装置行间一致性变异系数最大为3.85%,排肥量稳定性变异系数最大为3.34%;在预设施肥量为250 kg/hm2条件下,施肥量偏差控制在4.32%以下,施肥装置总体稳定性较高,可为无人机撒播装置进一步研究提供参考。Aiming at the problems of poor passing ability and low topdressing efficiency of crops in the middle and late growth stage.In this paper,to explore a new high-efficiency fertilization operation mode with accurate opposite-row and controllable variables,multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was used as the carrier,and based on the aerodynamic principle,combined with the agronomic requirements of rice planting and fertilization,a pneumatic opposite-row precision fertilization device suitable for UAV was designed.The fertilization device can realize the precise regulation of row variable fertilization during topdressing operation of unmanned aerial vehicle.In order to test the operation performance of UAV fertilizing device,the stability of single fertilization apparatus,the consistency of six rows of fertilizing units and the deviation of fertilizing amount were studied.The experiment of fertilizing device at the rotating speed level of 10-60 r/min showed that the maximum variation coefficient of consistency between rows of fertilizing device was 3.85%,the maximum variation coefficient of stability of fertilizing amount was 3.34%.The experiment of fertilization amount deviation showed that the fertilization amount deviation was controlled below 4.32%under the given fertilization amount of 250 kg/hm 2,which indicated that the overall stability of the fertilization device was high.It can provide reference for further research of UAV spreading device.

关 键 词：无人机 施肥装置 排肥管 结构设计 撒施 

分 类 号：S252.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]