公立高校聘任制下教师解聘制度的异化及规制  

Alienation and Regulation of Teacher Dismissal Systems under the Appointment System of Public Universities

作　　者：王琦 WANG Qi(Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Rule of Law Research Institute,Guangzhou College of Commerce,Guangzhou 511363,China)

机构地区：[1]广州商学院粤港澳大湾区法治研究院,广东广州511363

出　　处：《教师教育学报》2025年第2期114-124,共11页Journal of Teacher Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“类型化思维下教育法适度法典化的体系构造研究”(23YJC880159),项目负责人:周恒;广东省教育科学规划课题(高等教育专项)“粤港澳大湾区联动视角下广东地方高校法律人才培养路径研究”(2023GXJK584),项目负责人:刘蕾。

摘　　要：解聘是一种教师退出机制,指高校解除对教师的聘任。公立高校与教师所签聘任合同的法律性质并非劳动合同,而是行政协议。解聘本质上是公权力行为,应当平衡教育公共利益与教师合法权益。公立高校当前主要基于非升即走、主动离职、合同到期等事由对教师作出解聘行为。然而,解聘制度由于法定依据不明确、法定程序较笼统与救济渠道不通畅等问题而存在异化,亟须立法调整。未来教师法等立法应当采取“列举+兜底”“法定+约定”的立法技术,明确解聘制度启动的法定依据,并要求公立高校向社会公开;健全覆盖解聘行为全流程的工作程序,赋予教师陈述、申辩的权利,并引入听证会制度,提升解聘行为的科学性与民主性;优化申诉与仲裁机制,在衔接机制、受案范围、法律适用、举证责任、处理方式等方面为教师提供全面、有效的救济渠道。Dismissal is a faculty exit mechanism,referring to the termination of a teacher's appointment by a university.The appointment contracts signed between public universities and teachers are not labor contracts in legal nature,but administrative agreements.Dismissal is essentially an act of public power,which should balance the public interest in education and teachers'legitimate rights and interests.Currently,public universities mainly dismiss teachers based on reasons such as“up or out”,voluntary resignation,and contract expiration.However,the dismissal system is alienated due to unclear legal basis,vague legal procedures,and blocked remedy channels,and urgently needs legislative adjustment.In the future,legislation such as the Teacher Law should adopt legislative techniques such as“listing plus bottom line”and“statutory plus agreement”,clarify the legal basis for the initiation of the dismissal system,require public universities to make it transparent to the society,establish a sound work procedure that covers the entire process of dismissal,empower teachers with the right to make statements and defend themselves,and introduce a hearing system to enhance the scientific and democratic nature of dismissal behavior.At the same time,it is necessary to optimize the appeal and arbitration mechanisms,and provide comprehensive and effective remedy channels for teachers in terms of linkage mechanisms,scope of cases,legal application,burden of proof,and handling methods.

关 键 词：聘任制 教师法 高校教师 解聘制度 

分 类 号：G451.1[文化科学—教育学]