语文辞书负面义词语的处理策略--《新华字典》收词、立义、配例的经验借鉴  

Strategies for Handling Negative Connotation Words in Chinese Language Dictionaries:Insights from the Xinhua Dictionary on Entry Inclusion,Sense Incorporation,and Example Provision

作　　者：张博[1] Zhang Bo

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学国际中文教育研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《辞书研究》2025年第2期1-6,I0001,共7页Lexicographical Studies

摘　　要：统观《新华字典》收词、立义与配例,可见其处理负面义词语的三大策略:1)遵循客观性原则,不避负面义词语;2)体现教育功能,用配例表警示禁止;3)注重导向作用,抑“负”扬“正”。这些处理策略既有助于青少年全面了解社会现实,丰富认知经验,又有利于适当消解或避免不良联想或不良价值导向,符合青少年用户的认知特点。不仅为编纂面向青少年用户的学生辞书提供了科学的经验借鉴,也可为中小学语文词汇教学提供有益参考。By examining entry inclusion,sense incorporation,and example provision in the Xinhua Dictionary,we can identify three major strategies it employs in handling negative connotation words:(1)Being objective,avoiding no negative connotation words;(2)Highlighting the educational functions,conveying warnings and prohibitions with examples;(3)Emphasizing guidance,suppressing the“negative”and promoting the“positive.”These strategies help teenagers gain a comprehensive understanding of social realities,enrich their cognitive experiences,and contribute to appropriate dispelling or avoiding of negative associations or ill-guided values,while aligning with their cognitive characteristics.This not only provides scientific experiential references for compiling student dictionaries,but also offers valuable insights for vocabulary teaching in primary and secondary school Chinese language classes.

关 键 词：《新华字典》 负面义词语 收词 立义 配例 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]