礼乐文明的传统及其现代化  

The Tradition of Ritual-Musical Civilization and Its Modernization

作　　者：顾涛[1] GU Tao(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100080

出　　处：《前沿》2025年第1期88-102,F0002,共16页Forward Position

基　　金：清华大学基础文科发展项目。

摘　　要：发掘中华五千年文明史的优质资源,阐释“中国特色”所根植的深厚基础,把握古今绵延的独特优势,皆离不开对礼乐文明的深度开发。说起“礼”,大家首先想到的就是礼仪、仪式,然而这只是“礼”的第一个层面。按孔子的教导,对礼仪的研究应当重点探求“礼之本”,而非繁文缛节、礼之末节等,因而礼学研究要逐渐深入自身修养、社会制度、国家治理等更深层次,以及更为重要的、被人忽视的礼教、礼法、礼治等层面,由此形成了一种礼学研究的“冰山模型”。仪礼只是冰山露在水面以上很小的部分,从礼教开始逐渐触及冰山潜藏在水面以下的部分,“礼”这座冰山的结构底层是更为潜在、更为隐性的一整套治理国家的理念、方法、逻辑和内涵,我们称之为礼治。由身外到内心,由制度到观念,经长期积淀与升华,最终形成一整套生活方式,一种思维模式,一种具有中国特色的文明样态,我们称之为礼乐文明。礼乐的概念已深深嵌入中国人的思维逻辑,当宋代大儒程颐说出“天下无一物无礼乐”,可见其已成为中国人认识世界的方法论。基于此,礼乐复兴必须要从冰山潜藏在水面之下的巨大冰体开始,若局限在礼仪层面注定难收其效。Exploring the fine resources of China’s 5000-year civilization,interpreting the profound foundation of“Chinese characteristics”,and grasping the enduring advantages spanning ancient and modern times all require in-depth engagement with ritual-musical civilization.When discussing“ritual”,people often first think of etiquette and ceremonies,yet this constitutes only the surface layer.According to Confucius,the study of ritual should prioritize the“essence of ritual”rather than focusing on trivial formalities.Thus,the proper path for ritual studies must progressively delve into deeper dimensions:self-cultivation,social institutions,and national governance,as well as critical yet overlooked aspects such as ritual instruction,ritual law,and ritual governance.This forms an“iceberg model”for ritual studies:ceremonial practices represent merely the visible tip,while ritual instruction marks the beginning of exploring the submerged bulk.At the base of this“ritual iceberg”lies a latent,implicit system of governance—encompassing concepts,methods,logic,and connotations,which is called ritual governance.Through external practices to internal cultivation,institutional frameworks to ideological paradigms,sustained accumulation and sublimation,a holistic way of life and a mode of civilization with Chinese characteristics emerge:ritual-musical civilization.The ritual-musical concept has become deeply embedded in Chinese cognitive logic.As the Confucian scholar Cheng Yi in the Song Dynasty stated,“There is nothing in the world untouched by ritual-musical civilization”,reflecting its role as a methodology for Chinese people to understand the world.Consequently,the revival of ritual-musical civilization must begin with the submerged bulk of the iceberg and confinement to ceremonial forms will inevitably yield limited results.

关 键 词：礼乐文明 中华优秀传统文化 礼教 礼治 礼仪 礼法 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]