3~5岁儿童舌尖前后音准确率及错误走向的特征研究  

The Accuracy Rate and Error Tendencies of Apical Anterior and Posterior Sounds among Children Aged 3-5 Years Old

作　　者：梁佳静 宋彩凤[2] 朱湘枝 李永勤 张磊 张芳 LIANG Jia-jing;SONG Cai-feng;ZHU Xiang-zhi;LI Yong-qing;ZHANG Lei;ZHANG Fang

机构地区：[1]中国听力语言康复研究中心,北京100029 [2]广东省残疾人康复中心,广州510000 [3]湖南省残疾人康复研究中心,长沙410000 [4]上海市特殊儿童康复中心,上海210000 [5]上海闵行区启英幼儿园,上海210000

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2025年第2期119-122,共4页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

基　　金：中国残联2022年度课题(2022CDPFHS-07);科技部“主动健康和老龄化科技应对”重点专项(2020YFC2004100);中国优生优育协会2024年度科研课题(2024K028)。

摘　　要：目的 考察学龄前儿童舌尖前后音的准确率及错误走向,分析不同发音部位舌尖前后音的发音难度,探讨影响其准确率的原因。方法 选择250名3~5岁儿童,以《构音语音能力评估词表》为测试材料,利用描述统计及非参数检验分析其舌尖前后音的语音能力。结果 舌尖后音/r/、/sh/、/zh/和舌尖前音/z/错误率较高,17人未掌握/r/、/sh/发音,12人未掌握/zh/发音,11人未掌握/z/发音。3岁组舌尖前后音平均准确率88%,4岁组为93%,5岁组为97%。年龄具有主效应及显著差异(P=0.002<0.01),其中3岁与5岁组具有极显著差异(P=0.000<0.01)。3~5岁组舌尖前后音的错误走向均未出现遗漏问题,主要以替代和歪曲两种错误走向分布。3岁组错误率较高,其中多以替代为主。随着年龄增长,5岁组错误率逐渐降低,偶有歪曲出现。3~5岁学龄前儿童平舌音与/-i/组合时主要替代历程为舌尖前音卷舌音化,舌尖前音与/-u/组合时替代历程主要为舌尖前音卷舌音化;舌尖后音与/-i/组合时替代错误历程主要为舌前后音不卷舌音化,/r/与/-ou/组合时替代错误历程主要为舌前后音边音化。结论 替代是儿童语音发育过程中主要的音韵历程形式。舌尖后音习得较晚于舌尖前音。5岁可能是平舌尖前后音习得的节点。Objective To investigate the accuracy rate and error trends of flat and retroflex sounds among preschool children,to analyze the pronunciation difficulty of flat and retroflex sounds in different pronunciation positions,and to explore the reasons affecting their accuracy rate.Methods 250 children aged 3-5 years old were selected.Some words from the"Articulation and Phonetic Ability Assessment Word List"were used as test materials.Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were used to analyze their phonetic abilities of flat and retroflex sounds.Results The number of children making mistakes in the retroflex sounds/r/,/sh/,/zh/and the flat sound/z/was relatively high.17 children did not master the pronunciation of/r/and/sh/,12 children did not master the pronunciation of/zh/,and 11 children did not master the pronunciation of/z/.The average accuracy rate of flat and retroflex sounds in the 3-year-old group was 88%,in the 4-year-old group was 93%,and in the 5-year-old group incresed to 97%.Age had a main effect,with a highly significant difference(P=0.002<0.01),and there was a highly significant difference between the 3-year-old and 5-year-old groups(P=0.000<0.01).In the 3-5-year-old groups,no omission problems occurred in the error trends of flat and retroflex sounds,and they were mainly distributed in two error trends:substitution and distortion.The error trend occurrence rate in the 3-year-old group was relatively high,mostly in the form of substitution.With the increase of age,the error trend occurrence rate in the 5-year-old group gradually decreased,with occasional distortion.For preschool children aged 3 to 5 years old,when the flat sound was combined with/-i/,the main substitution process was the retroflexion of apical anterior sounds.When the flat sound was combined with/-u/,the main substitution process was also the retroflexion of apical anterior sounds.When the retroflex sound was combined with/-i/,the main substitution error process was the non-retroflexion of anterior-posterior tongue sounds.Whe

关 键 词：音韵历程 平翘舌音 舌尖前音 舌尖后音 塞擦音 擦音 

分 类 号：G762[文化科学—特殊教育学]