中国古代思想史的分期  

The Stages of the History of Ancient Chinese Thought

作　　者：吴天明[1] Wu Tianming

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中州学刊》2025年第3期99-109,共11页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

摘　　要：中国古代思想史的分期依据,不应是哲学理论的变化和古代王朝的兴替,而应是中国传统思想文化的基本理论即治国富民理论,也就是王道思想的发展变化。以治国理论是否成熟、是否发生了重大变化为分期依据,中国古代思想史应分为五个时期:第一,五帝、夏、商、周、春秋九代约3000年,治国思想产生并成熟,主要成果为六经文本,这是“先王之道”时期;第二,春秋战国之交约80年,孔子师徒祖孙继承发展“先王之道”,创造孔学,这是“新王之道”时期;第三,战国子学约300年,两种“王道”均式微,各种新的治国理论竞相创造,这是“百花齐放,百家争鸣”时期;第四,汉代至清代约2000年,汉学、理学、心学、朴学兼容并蓄,各有千秋,但始终以“新王之道”为思想理论的核心,这是儒学时期;第五,清末民国约50年,学者痛感国家民族危亡,遂愤而抛弃中国全部传统思想文化,这是全盘西化时期。如此分期,中国古代思想文化的基本理论及其发展脉络都十分清晰,学者考察现代相关学科的基本理论问题都比较便捷。The basis for dividing the history of ancient Chinese thought should not be the changes in philosophical theories and the rise and fall of dynasties,but rather the development of the basic theory of traditional Chinese thought and culture which governed the country and enriched the people,that is,the development of kingly way of governance.Based on whether the theory of governing the country is mature and whether significant changes have occurred,the history of ancient Chinese thought should be divided into five periods:the first is The Five Emperors,Xia,Shang,Zhou,and the Spring and Autumn Period,which lasted for about 3000 years,during which the idea of governing the country emerged and matured.Its main achievements were the texts of the Six Classics,which was the period of the“Way of the former kings”;The second is around the 80 years from the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period,during which Confucius and his disciples inherited and developed the“Way of the Former Kings”and created Confucianism,which was the period of the“Way of the New King”;The third is the Warring States period which lasted for about 300 years,during which both old and new kingly ways declined,and various new theories of governance competed to create.This was a period of“a hundred flowers blooming and a hundred schools of thought contending”;The fourth is from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,around 2200 years,during which many schools such as Han studies,Neo-Confucianism,Mind studies,and Pu studies were all inclusive and diverse,learning widely from others’points and each had its own advantages.However,they always centered around the“Way of the New Kings”,which was the period of Confucianism;The fifth is during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,which lasted for about 50 years,in this period scholars felt the pain of losing their country and angrily abandoned all traditional Chinese ideas and culture.This was a period of complete Westernization.Through such stages,the basic theories a

关 键 词：中国古代思想史 分期依据 分期结果 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]