事与时:从时机、时态、时体论李塨的礼乐美学  

Events and Time: On Li Gong's Aesthetics of Rites and Music from the Perspectives of Timing, Tense, and Duration

作　　者：刘彦顺 Zhu Yuan Liu Yanshun(the School of Chinese Language and Literature at Jiangsu Normal University)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]the School of Foreign Languages at Renmin University of China

出　　处：《孔学堂》2024年第3期31-40,144-153,共20页Confucian Academy

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国礼乐美学对传统制度文明的创构研究”(项目批准号:17ZDA015)阶段性成果

摘　　要：中国礼乐美学是关于礼乐生活之事的美学,也是中国古典事美学的主要形态之一。李塨礼乐美学致力于保全礼乐生活在“事中”的原发状态,反对宋明理学沉迷于回忆、反省、静坐等事后的纯心性持敬行为,认为他们轻视礼乐生活作为事的实行。从时机看,伦常日用的急迫、频繁,导致礼乐生活之事的绝对时机化与时频上的时刻性或一贯性趋向。从时态看,他以“实”“习”“行”等具有正在进行时这一时态特征的词簇,来表达事中状态。从时体看,他认为礼乐生活作为时间持续体的呈现状态是流畅。个人独处时的慎独或持敬工夫既是礼乐生活作为事的记忆余音与反省,也可补足与提升未来礼乐生活之事。Chinese rites-music aesthetics is concerned with the events of rites and music in daily life.It represents one of the main forms of the classical Chinese aesthetics of events.Li Gong's aesthetics of rites and music is committed to preserving the original state of rites-music life within events.It opposes the purely mental behavior of maintaining reverence by those Song-Ming Neo-Confucian scholars who were obsessed with memory,reflection,and meditation,because they underestimated the practical role of rites and music as events.From the perspective of timing,the pressures and frequency of human relationships and daily life lead to the absolute temporalization of the rites-music events and the tendency of temporality or consistency.From the perspective of tense,he uses word clusters of the present progressive tense,such as shi,xi,and xing,to express the ongoing state of events.From the perspective of duration,he believes that the rites-music life as a continuous temporal entity is presented smoothly.The efforts of observing moral codes even in solitude and maintaining reverence are not only to remember and reflect on rites and music as events,but also to supplement and enhance future events of the rites-music life.

关 键 词：李塨 事 礼乐美学 时机 时态 时体 

分 类 号：B83-0[哲学宗教—美学] B249.9