中职学生心理弹性的裂变与聚升——基于有无留守经历的比较研究  

Fission and Aggregation of Psychological Resilience of Secondary Vocational Students——A Comparative Study Based on Whether Having Left-behind Experience

作　　者：余习德 杜文明 黄小萍 梁红英 伍红梅 Yu Xide;Du Wenming;Huang Xiaoping;Liang Hongying;Wu Hongmei(Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University,Guangzhou 510665;Second Vocational and Technical School of Longgang District in Second Vocational and Technical School of Longgang District in Shenzhen;Guangdong Vocational College of Electronic Technology;Huaiji Vocational and Technical School;Yangjiang Health School)

机构地区：[1]广东技术师范大学,广州510665 [2]深圳市龙岗区第二职业技术学校安全办 [3]广东省电子职业技术学校 [4]怀集县职业技术学校 [5]阳江市卫生学校

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2025年第5期50-56,共7页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：广东省2023年度教育科学规划课题(德育专项)“生活德育视角下‘明德强能’校本德育课程体系的构建与实施研究一一以深圳市龙岗区第二职业技术学校为例”(2023JKDY100),主持人:杜文明。

摘　　要：心理弹性作为积极心理品质,对中职生应对身份认同、留守经历及学业压力至关重要。通过问卷调查分析广东省6所中职学校1856名学生的心理弹性及影响因素,并从“整体”与“比较”的视野解析。整体层面:第一,男生、城镇籍、无留守、住校及低年级学生的心理弹性更好。第二,年龄、客观家庭社会经济地位与心理弹性正相关;留守时长、主观家庭社会阶层地位与心理弹性负相关。比较层面:第一,在留守生中,心理弹性存在“隔代抚养”与“血亲远近”效应。第二,可将无留守生分为“C1中度弹性组”与“C2中度偏上弹性组”;而留守生则可裂解为“T1低弹性组”“T2中弹性组”与“T3高弹性组”。第三,对于无留守生而言,年级、性别、年龄、母亲学历预测C2组。对于留守生而言,性别、家庭子女数量、是否住校预测T2组;性别、家庭子女数量、父亲学历、母亲职业预测T3组。总之,中职学生心理弹性普遍有待提高,留守生表现出两极性且提升区间更大。未来在优化校园支持的同时,需关注女生、高年级、有留守经历的学生,也需普及家庭结构、学历提升与工作稳定之间的协同意义。Psychological resilience,as a positive psychological trait,is crucial for secondary vocational students to cope with identity ssues,left-behind experiences and academic pressures.This study analyzed the psychological resilience and its influencing factors among 1856 secondary vocational students from six vocational schools in Guangdong Province through questionnaires.At the holistic level:firstly,male students,urban students,non-left-behind students,boarding students,and lower-grade students exhibited better psychological resilience.Secondly,age and objective family socioeconomic status were positively correlated with psychological resilience;left-behind duration and subjective family social class status were negatively correlated with psychological resilience.At the comparative level:firstly,among leftbehind students,psychological resilience exhibited ffects of"skip-generation rearing"and"degree of kinship"Secondly,non-left behind students could be divided into"C1 moderate resilience group"and"C2 above-moderate resilience group",while lft-behind students could be categorized into"T1 low resilience group","T2 moderate resilience group"and"T3 high resilience group".In summary,the psychological resilience of secondary vocational students generally needs improvement,and left-behind students exhibit polarity with a larger potential for improvement.In the future,while optimizing campus support,attentions should also be given to female students,higher-grade students,and students with left-behind experiences.Additionally,the synergistic significance of family structure,education attainment,and job stability should be promoted.

关 键 词：中职学生 心理弹性 留守经历 潜在剖面 

分 类 号：G711[文化科学—职业技术教育学]