微波处理对含蜡原油析蜡特性及其流动性的影响机理  

Influence Mechanism of Microwave Treatment on Wax Precipitation Characteristics and Fluidity of Waxy Crude Oil

作　　者：李家州 吕明月 蔡朵 韩善鹏 王志业[2] 杨笑乐 张玉明 张炜 陈哲文 LI Jiazhou;L Mingyue;CAI Duo;HAN Shanpeng;WANG Zhiye;YANG Xiaole;ZHANG Yuming;ZHANG Wei;CHEN Zhewen(State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;Offshore Oil Engineering Company Limited,Tianjin 300456,China;Production Technology Research Institute,Yumen Oilfield,CNPC,Yumen 735019,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院重质油全国重点实验室,北京102249 [2]海洋石油工程股份有限公司,天津300456 [3]中国石油玉门油田分公司采油工艺研究院,甘肃玉门735019

出　　处：《石油学报(石油加工)》2025年第2期371-381,共11页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22278423);中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目(2462021QNXZ007和2462023YJRC021)资助。

摘　　要：针对含蜡原油流动性差的难题,采用微波技术对含蜡原油开展微波降黏实验,结合凝点测定仪、差示扫描量热仪及偏光显微镜等分析手段,研究微波处理对含蜡原油黏度、凝点及蜡晶析出特性的影响机理。研究结果表明:经微波处理后,含蜡原油结晶点数量减少,结晶初始阶段蜡分子过饱和度增加,析蜡速率加快并生成大颗粒蜡晶,促使析蜡点降低;析蜡质量分数从1.83%增加到3.93%,构建“卡片房子”网络结构难度增大,导致凝点下降6℃。微波处理形成的大颗粒蜡晶结构紧凑,相对有效体积分数降低,造成含蜡原油黏度降低,其降黏率在输油温度18~22℃范围内可达57.6%~78.4%。In response to the poor fluidity of waxy crude oil,the microwave viscosity reduction experiments on waxy crude oil were carried out using microwave technology.By combined application of the analysis methods such as freezing point tester,differential scanning calorimeter and polarizing microscope,the paper investigates the influence mechanism of microwave treatment on the viscosity,freezing point and wax crystal precipitation characteristics of waxy crude oil.The results show that after microwave treatment,the number of crystallization points of waxy crude oil decreased,the supersaturation of wax molecules was increased at the initial stage of crystallization,the wax precipitation rate increased and large particle wax crystals were generated,which contributed to the decrease of wax precipitation point.The mass fraction for wax precipitation increased from 1.83%to 3.93%,and the difficulty of constructing the card-house network structure also increased,resulting in a decrease of the freezing point by 6℃.The large particle wax crystals formed by microwave treatment have a compact structure,for which the relative effective volume fraction is decreased,resulting in a decrease in the viscosity of waxy crude oil.The viscosity reduction rate can reach 57.6%to 78.4%in the oil delivery temperature range of 18℃to 22℃.

关 键 词：含蜡原油 微波处理 黏度 析蜡特性 蜡晶分布 

分 类 号：TE621[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]