从“控制”到“面向不确定性”的法理学——以自动驾驶汽车中“电车难题”为切入点  

Jurisprudence from“Control”to“Uncertainty Oriented”:Starting from the“Trolley Problem”in Self-driving Vehicle

作　　者：蔡琳[1] Cai Lin

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,南京210093

出　　处：《浙江学刊》2025年第1期88-97,240,共11页Zhejiang Academic Journal

摘　　要：“电车难题”式道德困境的讨论虽无助于理解自动驾驶汽车的真实问题,但此种自上而下的道德立法反映出以人为中心的控制倾向。然而,自动驾驶汽车是系统性决策为主的科技,人已经不再成为一个需要承担决策责任的道德主体。就此,面对科技发展中高度复杂的因果关系和风险状态,法律需要考虑风险分配的公平性,并确保人类基本的善和正义得到实现。While the discussion of the"Trolley Problem"does not help to understand the real problems of selfdriving cars,the"top-down"moral legislation reflects a human-centered tendency to control the machine.However,self-driving is a systemic decision-making-oriented technology,and the human being has ceased to be a moral agency who is responsible for decision-making.In this regard,facing the highly complex causality and risk in technological development,the law needs to take into account the fairness of risk distribution and ensure the fundamental good and justice of humankind.

关 键 词：电车难题 道德学习 人机关系 不确定性 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学] D90[政治法律—法学理论]