乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮发酵品质和霉菌毒素含量的影响  

Effects of different lactic acid bacteria strains on fermentation quality and mycotoxin contents of whole-plant corn silage

作　　者：梁宇成 张晓雯 邵涛 王文博 原现军 LIANG Yu-cheng;ZHANG Xiao-wen;SHAO Tao;WANG Wen-bo;YUAN Xian-jun(College of Grass Industry,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学草业学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第3期123-133,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32271773)资助。

摘　　要：以前期研究筛得的具有潜在抑菌脱毒活性的副干酪乳杆菌LS2、植物乳杆菌S6-2和干酪乳杆菌GD2-1这3株乳酸菌为对象,模拟玉米在田间遭受霉菌侵染,将田间遭受霉菌侵染组(FI)和未侵染组(NFI)玉米进行以下处理:1)自然发酵对照组(CON);2)接种副干酪乳杆菌LS2(LS2);3)接种植物乳杆菌S6-2(S6-2);4)接种干酪乳杆菌GD2-1(GD2-1),于青贮3、5、14、45和180 d后取样,研究乳酸菌对青贮玉米发酵品质和霉菌毒素含量的影响。结果表明,接种GD2-1显著降低了(P<0.05)NFI组氨态氮含量,3株乳酸菌均显著提高了(P<0.05)NFI组水溶性碳水化合物含量。接种S6-2处理显著降低了(P<0.05)FI组氨态氮含量,接种LS2和S6-2处理显著提高了(P<0.05)FI组水溶性碳水化合物含量,接种LS2处理均显示最高的乙酸含量。田间霉菌侵染显著提高了新鲜玉米中呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮浓度。乳酸菌对霉菌毒素的脱毒效应受到底物浓度影响,各接种剂均未显著影响玉米赤霉烯酮和NFI组呕吐毒素含量,而接种LS2、S6-2和GD2-1处理均显著(P<0.05)降低了FI组全株玉米青贮饲料黄曲霉毒素B1浓度,S6-2处理显著(P<0.05)降低了FI组呕吐毒素浓度。综上所述,接种3株乳酸菌均降低了氨态氮含量,提高了青贮过程中水溶性碳水化合物和乙酸等含量,改善了全株玉米青贮饲料发酵品质,3株乳酸菌均未显著影响青贮饲料玉米赤霉烯酮含量,但均降低了霉菌侵染组全株玉米青贮饲料黄曲霉毒素B1浓度,S6-2还可降低霉菌侵染组全株玉米青贮饲料呕吐毒素浓度。The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei LS2,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S6-2,and Lactobacillus casei GD2-1 on the fermentation quality and mycotoxin concentrations in corn silage.Fungal infected(FI)or non-fungal infected(NFI)whole-plant corn was ensiled with:1)no treatment(CON),2)L.paracasei(LS2),3)L.plantarum(S6-2),or 4)L.casei(GD2-1)for 180 days.The results indicated that inoculation with GD2-1 significantly reduced the ammonia nitrogen contents,and all three lactic acid bacterial strains significantly increased the water-soluble carbohydrate contents in the NFI treatments(P<0.05).Inoculation with S6-2 significantly reduced the ammonia nitrogen contents,and inoculation with LS2 and S6-2 increased the watersoluble carbohydrate content in the FI treatments(P<0.05).The LS2 inoculated silages showed the highest acetic acid contents.Fungal infection significantly increased the concentrations of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in fresh corn.The detoxification effects of lactic acid bacteria were mycotoxin-dose dependent.The inoculants did not affect the zearalenone concentration in FI and NFI silages and deoxynivalenol in NFI silages.Inoculating LS2,S6-2,and GD2-1 significantly(P<0.05)decreased the aflatoxin B1 concentration in FI silages,and S6-2 significantly(P<0.05)decreased the deoxynivalenol concentration in FI silages.In summary,inoculating the three lactic acid bacteria reduced the ammonia-nitrogen concentration and increased the water-soluble carbohydrates and acetic acid contents during the ensiling,improving the fermentation quality of the whole-plant corn silage.The three strains did not significantly affect the zearalenone contents of FI and NFI silages,but reduced the concentration of aflatoxin B1 in FI silages,and S6-2 reduced the deoxynivalenol concentration in the FI silages.

关 键 词：全株玉米青贮 乳酸菌 霉菌毒素 发酵品质 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]