肿瘤治疗中的科学困境与精准治疗未来路径探讨  

Dilemmas in Cancer Treatment and Exploration of Pathways for Precision Therapy

作　　者：贾罄竹 金铮 朱波 Qingzhu Jia;Zheng Jin;Bo Zhu(Xinqiao Hospital,Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400037,China;Institute of Immunological Innovation and Translation,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学第二附属医院(新桥医院),重庆400037 [2]重庆医科大学免疫创新与转化研究院,重庆400016

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2025年第1期24-33,共10页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

摘　　要：肿瘤治疗领域始终保持着理念与技术的持续革新。然而,当前肿瘤治疗仍面临诸多挑战:精准治疗尚未实现、获得性耐药难以规避、联合治疗方案及治疗时序仍需优化、系统化管理不足以及疗效评估和后续治疗选择困难等问题亟待解决。为应对这些挑战,未来研究应聚焦三大方向:深入解析肿瘤生物学特征,发现新靶点并研发新药;从异质性、演化性、可塑性和系统性角度精准描述肿瘤演变规律;基于这些特征和规律,优化药物设计、治疗时序和联合方案。本文旨在剖析当前肿瘤治疗的主要困境,展望未来研究方向,提炼临床治疗困境背后的科学问题,提出“临床问题驱动的肿瘤研究新范式”,以期推动基础与临床研究的融合与转化。The field of cancer treatment has continuously evolved in terms of concepts and technologies.However,current cancer therapies still face numerous challenges:Precision treatment has yet to be fully realized,acquired resistance is difficult to circumvent,combination therapy strategies and treatment sequencing require optimization,systemic management remains insufficient,and there are difficulties in assessing efficacy and making subsequent treatment decisions.To address these challenges,future research should focus on three key directions:deeply analyzing the biological characteristics of tumors,discovering new targets,and developing new drugs;precisely describing tumor evolution from the perspectives of heterogeneity,evolution,plasticity,and systematics;and optimizing drug design,treatment sequencing,and combination strategies based on these features and patterns.This paper aims to analyze the main dilemmas in current cancer treatment,forecast future research directions,extract the scientific issues underlying clinical treatment difficulties,and propose a“clinical problem-driven research paradigm”in order to promote the integration and translation of basic and clinical research.

关 键 词：精准治疗 肿瘤异质性 肿瘤微环境 临床问题驱动 个体化治疗 研究范式 

分 类 号：R730.5[医药卫生—肿瘤]