心理健康观价值向度的历史演进与重塑  

The Historical Evolution and Reshaping of Value Dimension of the Concept of Mental Health

作　　者：秦瑶 QIN Yao(College of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期168-175,共8页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：心理健康观不仅关乎个体心理健康的科学描述,更包含其价值基础,意味着心理健康该有的价值追求。在价值向度的生成层面,心理健康观的历史演进呈现出从拒斥价值到主动倡导价值的过程。早期的精神分析和行为主义,更多关注心理健康的事实层面,但也隐含着价值讨论,或者内化价值,将心理健康视为个体内部心理结构的平衡,或者外塑价值,认为行为适应社会即心理健康。而人本主义则明确提出心理健康是一个价值问题,强调人的内在价值实现;积极心理学也含有价值判断,关注人的积极心理品质与幸福感。在价值向度的发展层面,东西方心理健康观存在显著差异。西方心理健康观与个体主义价值观紧密相连,强调创造性价值、体验性价值和态度性价值,注重个体的独立性、自我表达和自我实现。而东方心理健康观受儒家、道家和佛家思想影响,更注重道德修养、自然顺应和心灵净化,强调个体与社会的和谐、相互依赖和社会奉献。当代社会,无论是西方个体主义价值还是东方集体主义价值,二者均不能单独用于指导心理健康实践,应以马克思主义全面人性观从自然维度、现实社会维度、历史文化维度和精神生活维度全面认识和界定人性的本质,以自由全面发展的价值追求重塑当代心理健康观,进而推动社会和谐与进步。The concept of mental health is not only about the scientific description of individual mental health but also encompasses its value foundation,implying the value pursuit that mental health should have.In terms of the formation of the value dimension,the historical evolution of the concept of mental health has shown a process from rejecting values to actively advocating for them.Early psychoanalysis and behaviorism focused more on the factual aspects of mental health,but they also implicitly involved value discussions,either internalizing values by viewing mental health as the balance of internal psychological structures or externalizing values by considering behavior adapted to society as mental health.Humanism,on the other hand,explicitly proposed that mental health is a value issue,emphasizing the realization of human intrinsic values.Positive psychology also contains value judgments,focusing on positive psychological qualities and well-being.In terms of the development of the value dimension,there are significant differences of the concept of mental health between the East and West.Western concept of mental health is closely linked to individualistic values,emphasizing creative value,experiential value,and attitudinal value,focusing on individual independence,self-expression,and self-actualization.Eastern concept of mental health,influenced by Confucianism,Taoism,and Buddhism,places more emphasis on moral cultivation,natural adaptation,and spiritual purification,highlighting the harmony,interdependence,and social dedication between the individual and society.In contemporary society,neither Western individualistic values nor Eastern collectivist values can be used alone to guide mental health practices.It is necessary to comprehensively understand and define the essence of human nature from the dimensions of nature,real society,historical culture,and spiritual life,based on the Marxist comprehensive human nature perspective,and to reshape the contemporary concept of mental health with the value pursuit of free

关 键 词：心理健康 心理健康观 价值向度 价值重塑 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]