半干旱区玉米秸秆还田方式对土壤富里酸含量及其结构特征的影响  

The effect of returning corn straw to the field in semi-arid areas on the content and structural characteristics of soil fulvic acid

作　　者：高盼[1] 王宇先[1] 李欣洁 蔡姗姗 徐莹莹[1] 杨慧莹[1] 张巩亮 GAO Pan;WANG Yu-xian;LI Xin-jie;CAI Shan-shan;XU Ying-ying;YANG Hui-ying;ZHANG Gong-liang(Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006;Qingdao Environmental Protection Science Research Institute,Qingdao Shandong 266000;Heilongjiang Province Black SoilProtection and Utilization Research Institute,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]山东省青岛市环境保护科学研究院,山东青岛266000 [3]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第1期35-44,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2024-1-B004)。

摘　　要：为明确不同秸秆还田方式下土壤有机碳组分的变化特征,基于7年秸秆还田长期定位试验,利用三维荧光光谱技术,对照(CK,无秸秆还田)、FG(秸秆覆盖还田)、FM(秸秆翻埋还田)和FH(秸秆碎混还田)处理下土壤有机碳含量及富里酸含量及结构特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)不同秸秆还田方式在表层(0~10 cm)更有助于土壤有机碳和富里酸含量的积累,其中以秸秆覆盖还田处理最佳,秸秆翻埋还田次之,比CK处理的有机碳含量和富里酸含量分别提高16.86%、16.80%和67.30%、57.21%。FG和FH处理在30~40 cm土层土壤有机碳含量分别降低了7.67%和3.68%。FG处理在亚表层(20~30和30~40 cm)富里酸含量有所降低,FH处理在30~40 cm土层土壤富里酸减少了25.19%;(2)土壤腐殖质中富里酸来源受自生源和外生源共同作用的影响,FM处理在4个土层的荧光指数、生物指数、腐殖化指数分别较CK相比均有所提升。说明此处理在不同土层土壤腐殖化程度更高,稳定性更好;(3)三维荧光光谱和荧光区域积分表明,FM、FG和FH处理均使腐植酸类物质增加,腐殖化程度较高,结构较为复杂。本试验区共识别出3个荧光组分,其中组分C1[激发波长(Ex)/发射波长(Em)=330/410]和C3(Ex/Em=270,370/460)同为腐植酸类物质,主要来源于高等植物腐解产生的有机物;组分C2(Ex/Em=230,260/415)为富里酸类物质;组分C3含量相对含量越高,土壤腐殖化程度越高。与CK相比,FM处理的C3组分含量相对含量在4个土层升高了3.8%~15.44%。综上所述,秸秆翻埋还田在增加土壤腐殖化程度和加强土壤的供肥能力方面最佳。In order to clarify the changes in soil organic carbon components under different straw returning methods,this study was based on a 7-year long-term positioning experiment of straw returning.Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technology was used to analyze the soil organic carbon content,fulvic acid content,and structural characteristics under CK(no straw returning),FG(straw covering returning),FM(straw burying returning)and FH(straw mixed returning)treatments.The results showed that:(1)Different straw returning methods were more conducive to the accumulation of soil organic carbon and fulvic acid content in the surface layer(0-10 cm).Among them,straw covering returning treatment was the best,followed by straw burying returning treatment.Compared with CK treatment,the organic carbon and fulvic acid content increased by 16.86%,16.80% and 67.30%,57.21%,respectively.FG and FH treatments reduced soil organic carbon content by 7.67% and 3.68% in the 30-40 cm soil layer,respectively.FG treatment reduced the content of fulvic acid in the sub surface layer(20-30 and 30-40 cm),while FH treatment reduced the content of fulvic acid in the soil layer of 30-40 cm by 25.19%.(2)The sources of fulvic acid in soil humus were influenced by both endogenous and exogenous sources.FM treatment showed an increase in FI,BIX and HIX in the four soil layers compared to CK.This indicated that FM treatment had a higher degree of soil humification and better stability in different soil layers.(3)The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence region integration indicated that FM,FG and FH treatments all increased humic acid substances,resulting in a higher degree of humification and a more complex structure.Three fluorescent components were identified in this experimental area.Among them,Component 1(Excitation/Emission=330/410)and Component 3(Excitation/Emission=270,370/460)were both humic acid substances,mainly derived from organic matter produced by the decomposition of higher plants;Component 2(Excitation/Emission=23

关 键 词：半干旱区 秸秆还田方式 土壤富里酸 荧光结构 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S153[农业科学—农业基础科学]