纳斯鲍姆“能力进路”视域下的动物正义理论探究  

Research on Animal Justice Theory from the Perspective of Nussbaum’s“Ability Approach”

作　　者：吕艺铭 龙丽达[1] LYU Yi-ming;LONG Li-da(Marxist Academy,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学马克思主义学院,吉林四平136000

出　　处：《哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第2期10-14,共5页Journal of Social Science of Harbin Normal University

基　　金：吉林省教育厅2024年社会科学项目“思政课大中小一体化背景下法治大课堂创设探索”(JJKH20240523SK)。

摘　　要：美国现代哲学家纳斯鲍姆提出的“能力进路”的正义理论批判了罗尔斯正义论悬而未决的几项正义问题,其中,关于非人类动物正义问题的论述发人深省。纳斯鲍姆探讨理性、动物性与人性之间的联系,补充了对罗尔斯正义论所缺失的关于跨物种正义问题的论述,列举出部分动物基本能力清单,明确了非人类动物同样享有平等的权利与尊严,力图构建一种跨越人类与非人类动物界限的正义理论。文章将聚焦于纳斯鲍姆“能力进路”视域下的动物正义理论,追溯这一理论产生的理论前提,研究非人类动物能否成为“能力进路”的主体对象并拥有尊严,分析“能力进路”的动物正义理论推进路径及其可行性,探究其理论实践过程中将面临的难题与困境,总结这一动物正义理论的现实意义。The justice theory of the“Ability Approach”proposed by the modern American philosopher Martha C.Nussbaum has criticized several unresolved justice issues in Rawls'Theory of Justice,among which her discussion on the justice issue of non-human animals is thought-provoking.Nussbaum explores the connections among rationality,animality and humanity,supplements the discussions on the issue of cross-species justice that are lacking in Rawls’theory of justice,enumerates the basic capabilities list of some animals,clarifies that non-human animals also enjoy equal rights and dignity,and endeavors to construct a justice theory that transcends the boundaries between humans and non-human animals.This article will center on the animal justice theory from the perspective of Nussbaum’s“Ability Approach”,trace the theoretical premises from which this theory emerges,investigate whether non-human animals can be the subject objects of the“Ability Approach”and possess dignity,analyze the advancement path and feasibility of the“Ability Approach”animal justice theory,explore the problems and predicaments it will encounter in the process of theoretical practice,and summarize the practical significance of this animal justice theory.

关 键 词：动物正义 “能力进路” 尊严 主体 

分 类 号：B712.6[哲学宗教—外国哲学]