彩色小麦种质主要农艺性状和营养品质综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Quality of Colored Wheat Germplasms

作　　者：应开 孟天琪 高旺南 玉应罕 田汉钊 武军[1] 张正茂[1] 刘玉秀[1] YING Kai;MENG Tianqi;GAO Wangnan;YU Yinghan;TIAN Hanzhao;WU Jun;ZHANG Zhengmao;LIU Yuxiu(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第3期337-348,共12页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(32101698);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024GH-ZDXM-07);陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2020GHJD-17);农业生物育种重大专项(2023ZD04025);王同川创新创业基金项目。

摘　　要：为筛选彩色小麦优异种质,对14份彩色小麦材料和2份白粒小麦材料(对照)的主要农艺性状和营养品质进行测定,并利用主成分分析对彩色小麦种质进行综合评价。结果表明,紫优5号的有效分蘖、穗数、产量、生物量和收获指数以及西黑88的穗长、穗粒数和千粒重较好;西黑88、紫优11号、杨黑1号、紫优5号、灵黑麦2号和西黑-2的整体营养品质好,优于对照。彩色小麦种质的有效分蘖、穗长、产量、形成时间、稳定时间、峰值粘度和矿质营养元素变异系数较高,改良空间较大。经相关性分析,穗粒数、千粒重和穗数与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),粗蛋白与湿面筋、吸水率、形成时间和稳定时间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。利用SDS-PAGE对供试种质进行HMW-GS检测,共检测出8种亚基类型(Null、1、2^(*)、7+8、7+9、14+15、2+12、5+10)和7种亚基组合,其中7份彩色小麦种质的评分达到10分,高于对照;西农彩麦007和杨黑1号含有稀有优质亚基14+15。18个主要农艺性状和营养品质的主成分分析共提取到5个主成分,累积贡献率为81.70%,其中西黑88、紫优11号和西农彩麦3号综合表现优异,在农艺性状和营养品质改良方面具有较高的利用价值,可应用于彩色小麦遗传改良研究。Fourteen colored wheat germplasms and two white wheat cultivars(control)were used to investigate the performance of major agronomic traits and nutritional qualities,and to evaluate by principal component analysis for excellent colored wheat germplasm.The results showed that Ziyou 5 had excellent effective tillering,number of spikes,yield,biomass and harvest index;Xihei 88 had good performance in spike length,kernel number and thousand-kernels weight.The nutritional quality of Xihei 88,Ziyou 11,Yanghei 1,Ziyou 5,Lingheimai 2,and Xihei-2 was better than that of the control.High variation coefficients were observed for effective tillering,spike length,yield,dough development time,stability time,peak viscosity and mineral nutrient elements of colored wheat,suggesting wide scope for improvement.Correlation analysis showed that kernel number per spike,1000-grain weight and number of panicles were significantly positively correlated with grain yield(P<0.01),and crude protein was significantly positively correlated with wet gluten,water absorption,dough development time and stability time(P<0.01).SDS-PAGE was used for HMW-GS identification.Eight subunit types(Null,1,2^(*),7+8,7+9,14+15,2+12,5+10)and seven subunit combinations were detected.Among the colored wheat,score of seven germplasm was up to 10,higher than that of white-grained wheat.Rare and high-quality subunits 14+15 was found in Xinongcaimai 007 and Yanghei 1.A total of five principal components were extracted from 18 main agronomic traits and nutritional quality by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 81.70%.The composite scores indicated that Xihei 88,Ziyou 11,and Xinongcaimai 3 had excellent overall performance,with high utilization value in agronomic traits and nutritional quality,which could be applied in colored wheat improvement.

关 键 词：彩色小麦 农艺性状 营养品质 HMW-GS 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330