论虚拟货币洗钱罪惩治困境与优化路径  

Dilemma and Optimization Path of Punishing Virtual Currency Money Laundering Crimes

作　　者：刘刚[1] 游丽杭 LIU Gang;YOU Lihang(Law School,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《湖北第二师范学院学报》2025年第3期35-41,共7页Journal of Hubei University of Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“环境损害司法鉴定意见可采性问题研究”(17CFX038)。

摘　　要：具有去中心化、匿名性、无国界性等固有特征的虚拟货币在推动金融创新发展的同时,也潜藏洗钱犯罪风险。司法实践中虚拟货币洗钱犯罪高发,并呈现出新旧模式交织、上游犯罪集中等特点。结合虚拟货币交易场景可以发现,洗钱罪存在入罪门槛过高、主观明知认定困难和事中洗钱行为定性不一的困境。为了充分发挥刑法保障法作用,实现罪责刑相适应,有必要结合国际合作要求与国内治理需求适度扩容洗钱罪上游犯罪,结合综合认定方法和主体身份差异确定主观明知的推定规则,以“实际控制犯罪所得”区分上游犯罪共犯行为和洗钱罪实行行为。Virtual currencies with inherent characteristics such as decentralization,anonymity,and borderlessness not only promote financial innovation and development,but also pose risks of money laundering crimes.In judicial practice,virtual currency money laundering crimes are highly prevalent and exhibit characteristics such as the interweaving of old and new models,and the concentration of upstream crimes.Combining with the virtual currency trading scenario,it can be found that the crime of money laundering faces challenges such as a high threshold for criminalization,difficulty in subjectively identifying knowledge,and inconsistent characterization of money laundering behavior during the transaction.In order to fully utilize the role of criminal law and achieve the adaptation of criminal responsibility and punishment,it is necessary to moderately expand the upstream crimes of money laundering crime in combination with international cooperation requirements and domestic governance needs.The subjective knowledge presumption rule should be determined based on comprehensive identification methods and differences in subject identity,and the accomplice behavior of upstream crimes and the implementation behavior of money laundering crime should be distinguished by“actual control of criminal proceeds”.

关 键 词：虚拟货币 洗钱罪 上游犯罪 主观明知 

分 类 号：D924.33[政治法律—刑法学]