基于涌现性的化学迷思概念及转变策略  

Chemical Misconceptions and Transformation Strategy Based on Emergent Properties of Chemistry

作　　者：刘玉荣[1] 王薇 LIU Yu-Rong;WANG Wei(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《化学教育(中英文)》2025年第5期3-10,共8页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：河南省基础教育教师发展研究创新团队项目“依托‘U-G-S-T-S’学习共同体促进化学教师专业发展”(2022,02)。

摘　　要：目前对迷思概念的研究主要集中在探查以及转变策略上,对其本质原因的深入探析有些不足。基于涌现性视角对化学迷思概念进行原因分析,归纳出迷思概念的5大分类:将物质(实体)的性质归因于特定组件、将物质属性视作各组分属性的简单加和、将经验性规则视为精确的决定规则、片面强调孤立的突出因素或因果关系、从宏观的特性直接类推至微观实体。提出构建比较分析模型、充分利用化学实验、再现化学发展历史、呈现论证推理过程、灵活运用表征方式等5个方面的应对性策略,并结合具体案例加以论证,以期转变迷思概念并培养学生的涌现观。The current research on chemical misconceptions mainly focuses on probing as well as transformation strategies,and lacks in-depth analysis of their essential causes.This paper analyzes the causes of chemical misconceptions based on the emergent perspective and summarizes five major classifications of misconceptions:Attributing an emergent property of a system to particular components,viewing an emergent property of a system as the sum of the properties of constituent entities,viewing chemical heuristics as exact determining rules,focusing on salient factors or cause-effect relationship in isolation instead of systemic consideration of all relevant ones,and making direct analogies from macroscopic properties to microscopic entities.Five coping strategies are proposed,namely,building a comparative analysis model,making full use of chemical experiments,recreating the history of chemical development,presenting the argumentative reasoning process,and flexibly applying representations,which are demonstrated with specific cases,in order to transform the chemical misconceptions and cultivate students’view of emergence.

关 键 词：化学涌现性 迷思概念 概念转变 

分 类 号：G633.8[文化科学—教育学]