前期适宜复合肥用量促进马铃薯高产和优质的协同  

Appropriate amount of compound fertilizer in the early stage can promote the synergy of high yield and high quality potato production

作　　者：彭显龙[1] 赵然 张宇[1] 刘智蕾[1] 李鹏飞 PENG Xianlong;ZHAO Ran;ZHANG Yu;LIU Zhilei;LI Pengfei(School of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement,Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region,Ministry of Education,National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,寒地粮食作物种质创新与生理生态教育部重点实验室/智慧农场技术与系统全国重点实验室(东北农业大学),哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2024年第8期1-13,共13页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD2300403)。

摘　　要：东北马铃薯普遍存在块茎干物质累积量低、炸条品质不稳定等问题。调研显示,前期过量施用复合肥可能是炸条马铃薯高产和优质协同的限制因子。2020和2021年在黑龙江省甘南县开展马铃薯复合肥梯度试验,复合肥用量分别为250 kg·hm^(-2)(F1)、500 kg·hm^(-2)(F2)、750 kg·hm^(-2)(F3)和1 000 kg·hm^(-2)(F4);2021年在内蒙古西旗设5个处理,前4个处理用量与甘南相同,处理5复合肥用量为1 200 kg·hm^(-2)(F5),测定马铃薯养分、干物质、产量和炸条品质等指标。结果表明:前期复合肥用量和叶片氮、磷、钾呈显著正相关关系,且对养分含量的影响存在年际间和区域间差异。随着前期复合肥用量增加,各处理马铃薯全株干物质积累量呈先增后降趋势。收获期全株干物质积累量表现为,2020年甘南其他处理较F1处理显著增加6.28%~11.14%,2021年甘南F3处理全株干物质积累量较其他处理增加3.57%~16.73%,西旗F3处理较其他处理增加4.48%~15.53%。氮、磷、钾积累量也存在年际间差异,甘南2020年F2处理氮、磷、钾积累量最高;2021年F3处理氮、磷、钾积累量最高,F3处理产量较其他处理增加9.59%~31.59%,经济效益提高87~240元·hm^(-2)。甘南F3、F4处理较其他处理炸条品质提高,炸条颜色指数降低4.98%~23.60%;马铃薯块茎干物质(淀粉含量)处理间具有差异,具体表现在F3处理淀粉含量较其他处理显著增加0.48%~3.97%,F3、F4处理较其他处理块茎还原糖含量降低10.11%~24.10%,商品薯率提高2%~4%;西旗F3处理炸条颜色指数较其他处理降低3.30%~24.30%,块茎淀粉含量增加0.45%~1.01%,还原糖含量较其他处理有所下降,炸条品质得到提高,商品薯率提高1%~4%。前期适宜的复合肥用量是实现马铃薯高产和优质的关键,在高肥力土壤上推荐复合肥用量为500 kg·hm^(-2),肥力较低土壤前期复合肥用量为750 kg·hm^(-2),前期施肥量过高或过低均不利于马铃薯高产和Potatoes commonly suffer from problems such as low dry matter of tuber and unstable quality of fried strips in Northeast China.A survey shows that early excessive application of compound fertilizer may be a limiting factor for the synergy between high yield and high quality of fried potato strips.In 2020 and 2021,gradient experiments of potato compound fertilizer were carried out in Gannan Country,Heilongjiang Province,and the dosages of compound fertilizer were 250 kg·hm^(-2)(F1),500 kg·hm^(-2)(F2),750 kg·hm^(-2)(F3)and 1000 kg·hm^(-2)(F4),respectively.In 2021 set up five treatments in Inner Mongolia Xiqi,the first four treatments were the same as Gannan,and the dosage of compound fertilizer in treatment 5 was 1200 kg·hm^(-2)(F5),and determined potato nutrients,dry matter,yield and fried-fried strip quality.The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the amount of compound fertilizer and leaf nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in the early stage,and the impact of compound fertilizer on nutrient content varied between years and regions.With the increase of compound fertilizer dosage in the early stage,the whole plant dry matter accumulation of potatoes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Other treatments in Gannan increased significantly by 6.28%-11.14%compared with F1 treatment during 2020 harvest period,and in 2021,the dry matter accumulation of the whole plants in Gannan F3 treatment increased by 3.57%-16.73%compared with other treatments.Compared with other treatments,the F3 treatment in Xiqi increased by 4.48%-15.53%.There were also inter-annual differences in the accumulation of nutrient,and the accumulation of nutrient in the F2 treatment in Gannan in 2020 was the highest,while the nutrient accumulation in the F3 treatment was the largest in 2021,the yield of F3 treatment increased by 9.59%-31.59%compared with other treatments,and the economic benefit increased by 87-240 yuan·hm^(-2).Compared with other treatments in Gannan,the quality of fri

关 键 词：马铃薯 复合肥 产量 炸条品质 还原糖 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]