初中毕业生家长为何不选职业教育——基于扎根理论的质性分析  

Why Do Parents of Junior High School Graduates Not Choose Vocational Education?-A Qualitative Analysis Based on Grounded Theory

作　　者：王浩南 徐国庆[1] Wang Haonan;Xu Guoqing

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学职业教育与成人教育研究所

出　　处：《中国职业技术教育》2025年第6期70-77,112,共9页Chinese Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“技能型社会测度模型、驱动因素及路径优化研究”(项目编号:VJA220006,主持人:徐国庆)。

摘　　要：初中毕业生家长在高中阶段的教育选择中不愿为子女选择职业教育,这严重影响我国技术技能人才的培养和制造强国目标的达成。通过对10位初中毕业生家长的访谈,并基于扎根理论分析,将就业前景、个体因素、职校因素和社会认同确定为影响初中毕业生家长职业教育选择的四大影响因素,并构建了影响机制模型。发现家长对子女未来发展的理性考量直接影响其职业教育选择观念;职校因素会通过影响就业前景间接影响家长职业教育选择观念;社会认同受就业前景影响并直接影响家长职业教育选择观念;就业前景与家长职业教育选择观念受其他各因素调节。在此基础上,提出教育选择的本质是职业选择。要让家长接受职业教育,关键在于提高技术技能人才地位,拓宽晋升发展空间;提高职业学校教学质量,增强学生就业适配性;改善社会文化环境,营造有利发展氛围。Parents of junior high school graduates are reluctant to choose vocational education for their children during high school,which significantly impacts the cultivation of technical and skilled talents in China and the achievement of the goal of becoming a manufacturing power.Through interviews with 10 parents of junior high school graduates and analysis based on grounded theory,this study identifies four major influencing factors on parents'choices regarding vocational education:employment prospects,individual factors,vocational school factors,and social identity,and constructs an influencing mechanism model.It is found that parents'rational considerations about their children's future development directly affect their perceptions of vocational education choices.Vocational school factors indirectly influence parents'perceptions by affecting employment prospects.Social identity is influenced by employment prospects and directly af⁃fects parents'perceptions of vocational education choices.Employment prospects and parents'perceptions of vocational education choices are moderated by other factors.Based on these findings,the study proposes that the essence of educational choice is career choice.To encourage parents to accept vocational education,it is crucial to enhance the status of technical and skilled talents and broaden career advancement opportunities,improve the teaching quality of vocational schools to enhance students'employability and im⁃prove the socio-cultural environment to create a favorable development atmosphere.

关 键 词：职业教育 家长 教育选择 影响机制 普职分流 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]