烤烟烟花游离氨基酸组成及在发育过程中的变化研究  

Content of Free Amino Acids in Flue-cured Tobacco Flowers and Their Changes during Growth and Development

作　　者：魏玉磊[1] 许明磊 崔宏伟 田雷 张忠锋[2] 杜咏梅[2] 周静 赵昆 侯小东[2] WEI Yulei;XU Minglei;CUI Hongwei;TIAN Lei;ZHANG Zhongfeng;DU Yongmei;ZHOU Jing;ZHAO Kun;HOU Xiaodong(China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250000,China;Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,济南250000 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [3]山东临沂烟草有限公司,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2025年第1期81-86,共6页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重点研发项目(110202102022)。

摘　　要：为探究烤烟烟花中游离氨基酸的组成特征,掌握烟花发育过程的游离氨基酸变化规律,检测了山东诸城和四川凉山的中烟特香301、中川208和云烟87烟花游离氨基酸的种类及含量,分析了烟花发育时期游离氨基酸含量变化。结果表明:(1)烤烟烟花含有19种游离氨基酸,天冬酰胺含量最高,脯氨酸次之,两者占烟花总游离氨基酸50%以上,为烟花中主要游离氨基酸。(2)产于诸城的烟花游离氨基酸含量显著高于凉山;中烟特香301烟花的游离氨基酸含量显著高于其他2个品种。(3)各游离氨基酸随着烟花发育呈现5种变化趋势,其中缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、脯氨酸和色氨酸品种间变化趋势一致。(4)除色氨酸外,其他游离氨基酸均在在蕾苞或花蕾中含量最高,天冬酰胺和脯氨酸在花蕾中含量最高。综上所述,种植于诸城的中烟特香301在盛花前打顶收集烟花游离氨基酸最丰富,适合作为卷烟香原料。To determine the content of free amino acids in flue-cured tobacco flowers,and explore their accumulation rule during the growth and development,free amino acids in three flue-cured tobacco varieties(Zhongyantexiang301,Zhongchuan208 and Yunyan87)planted in Zhucheng and Liangshan were qualitatively and quantitatively determined and the content changes during the flower growth and development were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Nineteen free amino acids were identified in flue-cured tobacco flowers,with asparagine showing the highest content,followed by proline and both of them are the primary free amino acids in tobacco flower,accounting for over 50%of the total free amino acids.(2)The free amino acid contents in flue-cured tobacco flowers grown in Zhucheng are higher than those planted in Liangshan.The free amino acid contents of Zhongyantexiang301 are significantly higher than the other varieties.(3)The content variations in free amino acids in tobacco flowers exhibited 5 different patterns during flower development,and the variation trends of valine,isoleucine,leucine,tyrosine,lysine,histidine,arginine,asparagine,proline,and tryptophan content were consistent among different tobacco varieties.(4)The contents of free amino acids except for tryptophan are highest in the buds or flower buds,with asparagine and proline being the most abundant in the flower bud.In summary,Zhongyantexiang301 flowers planted in Zhuncheng and collected at the pre-full bloom stage exhibited the most abundant free amino acids,rendering them suitable as a flavoring agent in cigarette production.

关 键 词：烤烟 烟花 游离氨基酸 发育过程 

分 类 号：TS411[农业科学—烟草工业]