花生过敏原致敏性评价方法研究现状及其致敏性评价模型初探  

Research Status of Peanut Allergen Sensitization Evaluation Methods and Preliminary Exploration on Sensitization Evaluation Models

作　　者：李倬林[1] 岳玉兰[1] 孙畅 吕呈蔚 王政[1] 李铁柱[1] 黄威[1] LI Zhuo-lin;YUE Yu-lan;SUN Chang;LÜCheng-yu;WANG Zheng;LI Tie-zhu;HUANG Wei(Institute of Agro-food Technology,Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农产品加工研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《花生学报》2025年第1期105-116,共12页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：吉林省科技发展重点研发计划(20210203182SF)。

摘　　要：花生营养丰富,口感香溢,但花生过敏发病率极高,是一种诱发致命过敏症状的过敏性食物。花生过敏严重威胁公众健康和生活,现已成为亟待面对和解决的重大公共食品安全问题。目前,花生过敏原的筛查、检测和致敏性的评估在花生行业及食品领域已然成为研究热点。本文运用文献分析法,结合食品、化学、生物等多种学科研究方法及新兴技术综述了花生过敏原致敏性评价方法,如生物信息学测序、血清学检测、皮肤点刺筛查、消化稳定性分析、动物模型建立、细胞模型构造等。由于在实际应用中每种方法都有一定的优点和局限,因此采用单一方法对花生过敏原进行致敏性评价所得结论相对片面,故而提出参照过敏原判定树以及证据权重策略,采用多种方法结合,互补互验互证,旨在初步建立一种完善的致敏性评价模型,为今后花生致敏性综合评价体系的全面深化提供初步探索,也为其他交叉过敏原的综合评价提供参考,更为花生食品安全提供保障。Peanut is a nutritious and delicious food material, but the incidence rate of peanut allergy is very high, and peanut can induce fatal allergic symptoms. The severe threat of peanut allergy to public health and life has become a significant public food safety issue that urgently needs to be addressed and solved. Screening and testing of the peanut allergens and assessing of the allergenicity have become research hotspots in the peanut industry and food field. The literature analysis method, combining with research methods of various disciplines such as food, chemistry, biology, and emerging technologies were used in this article to review the allergenicity evaluation methods of peanut allergen, such as bioinformatics sequencing, serological testing, skin prick screening, digestive stability analysis, animal model establishment, cell model construction, etc. Due to the advantages and disadvantages of each method in practical applications, using a single method to evaluate the allergenicity of peanut allergens may lead to one-sided conclusion. Therefore, the allergen determination tree and evidence weighting strategy with multiple methods are proposed to complement and verify each other to establish a comprehensive allergenicity evaluation model for peanut. This review will provide preliminary exploration for the comprehensive deepening of the peanut allergenicity evaluation system in the future, as well as a reference for the thorough evaluation of other cross allergens and ensure the safety of peanut food.

关 键 词：花生 过敏 筛查 致敏性评价 过敏原判定树 证据权重 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学] S565.2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]