论形式本体论中的融合概念及其演变:从连续统的部分到类的部分  

On the Concept of Fusion in Formal Ontology and Its Evolution:From Parts of the Continuum to Parts of Class

作　　者：毛家骥 Mao Jiaji(The Marxism College(College of Social Sciences),Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期46-52,199,200,共9页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目学科共建项目“胡塞尔部分与整体理论研究”(GD23XZX10)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪前后,在集合论与连续统的研究领域中,以真部分与融合为主题的部分论被正式提出。这一理论基于两种集多为一的方式:一是部分关系的融合,二是属于关系的类。其起源可追溯至布伦塔诺对连续统的分析,及其边界概念对戴德金等人的点个体概念的批判。主流观点认为,布伦塔诺之后,部分论沿着形式本体论和集合论两条道路演变、发展。形式本体论方向聚焦时空连续体中本体论依赖性结构的分析,包括胡塞尔的奠基理论、怀特海与塔斯基的无点几何;集合论方向则聚焦对集合论中类成员关系的批判以及对集合论的部分论重构,莱斯涅夫斯基的学说与“哈佛唯名论”是其中的代表。融合与部分关系在这些理论中的作用在这两条发展道路中具有内在统一性,并且在融合与真部分概念的基础上,无点的连续统与无集合的类系统是统一的理论。Around the 20th century,the mereology focusing on genuine parts and fusion was formally introduced in the fields of set theory and continuum research.This theory is based on two ways of aggregating multiple into one:the fusion of part whole relations and the class of belonging relations.Its origin can be traced back to Brentano’s analysis of the continuum and his critique of Dedekind’s point-individual concept through the boundary concept.The mainstream view is that after Brentano,the theory of parts evolved and developed along two paths:formal ontology and set theory.The formal ontology direction focuses on analyzing ontological dependent structures in the spatiotemporal continuum,including Husserl’s foundation theory as well as Whitehead and Tarski’s point-free geometry.The set theory focuses on critiquing the class-member relationship in set theory and reconstructing the theory of parts within set theory,with Lesniewski’s teachings and“Harvard Nominalism”as representatives.The roles of fusion and part relations in these theories have an inherent unity along these two development paths,and on the basis of the concepts of fusion and genuine parts,the point-free continuum and the set-free class system are unified theories.

关 键 词：形式本体论 部分关系 融合 集合 连续统 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]