理想与现实之间:苏轼、苏辙制举科目解疑  

Between Ideals and Reality:Clarifying the Imperial Examination Subjects of Su Shi and Su Zhe

作　　者：陈安迪[1] Chen Andi(Department of History,Sun Yat sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期176-181,207,208,共8页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“日本静嘉堂所藏宋元珍本文集整理与研究”(18ZDA180);浙江文化研究工程重点项目“苏轼的政治际遇及其政治形象塑造研究”(22WH08-7Z)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：苏轼与苏辙在嘉祐六年制科登第,但他们所应的科目到底是贤良方正能直言极谏科,抑或是才识兼茂明于体用科,历来未有定论。宋代官修史书记录他们所应为贤良方正能直言极谏科,二苏自述也称所应为直言之科,然而,欧阳修《举苏轼应制科状》以及王安石与沈遘所拟的二苏授官制却称他们所应的是才识兼茂明于体用科。通过考析宋代制举制度、渊源及习称,大抵可以推知二苏所应为才识兼茂明于体用科。二苏自述所应为直言之科,并非特指贤良方正能直言极谏科,而是代指制举本身。他们所坚持的用语习惯,一方面反映了他们对制举核心价值的认知,一方面也体现了他们在制举上所寄寓的政治理想与实际的制举现实间的某种冲突与调和。Su Shi and Su Zhe both achieved high rankings in the imperial examinations during the sixth year of the Jiayou reign(A.D.1061).However,it has long been debated whether the subject they took was the“Virtuous and Upright,Capable of Straightforward Remonstration”category or the“Comprehensive Knowledge and Practical Skills”category.Official Song Dynasty records state they took the former,and both Su brothers themselves claimed they took the category for straightforward remonstration.However,Ouyang Xiu’s recommendation letter for Su Shi and the official appointment documents drafted by Wang Anshi and Shen Gou suggested they took the latter.By analyzing the origins and common practices of Song Dynasty’s examination system,it can be inferred that the Su brothers likely took the“Comprehensive Knowledge and Practical Skills”category.When they referred to the subject for straightforward remonstration,they were not specifically indicating the“Virtuous and Upright”category but using it as a general term for the imperial examinations.This terminology reflects their recognition of the core values of the examinations and indicates a certain conflict and reconciliation between their political ideals and the realities of the examination system.

关 键 词：苏轼 苏辙 制举科目 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]