混菌低温发酵对玉米秸秆黄贮饲料品质的影响  

Impact of Low-temperature Fermentation with Mixed Microbial Agent on the Quality of Corn Straw Yellow Silage Feeds

作　　者：任鑫茹 赵宏璐 李雅静 刘荣军 曾凡力 王钦宏[4] 王震[1] REN Xin-ru;ZHAO Hong-lu;LI Ya-jing;LIU Rong-jun;ZENG Fan-li;WANG Qin-hong;WANG Zhen(College of Science&Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Cangzhou 061100;Hebei Shixiang Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Cangzhou 061000;College of Life Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001;Tianjin Instiute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Tianjin 300308)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学理工系,沧州061100 [2]河北世翔生物技术有限公司,沧州061000 [3]河北农业大学生命科学学院,保定071001 [4]中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所,天津300308

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2025年第3期330-342,共13页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32200067);河北省重点研发计划项目(乡村振兴技术创新专项)(22322905D);石家庄市驻冀高校产学研合作项目(驻冀高校重点研发专项)(241490062A);河北省重大科技支撑计划项目(国际科技合作专项)(24292902Z)。

摘　　要：【目的】以农业资源废弃物玉米秸秆为主要原料,以耐低温酿酒酵母、乳酸菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为发酵菌种,建立玉米秸秆黄贮低温发酵工艺,以期获得蛋白含量高、适口性强的优质玉米秸秆黄贮饲料。【方法】将粗蛋白含量作为主要指标,探究发酵菌剂复配比例;然后通过单因素试验结合响应面优化试验探究复配菌剂接种量、发酵时间、硫酸铵添加量对发酵饲料的影响;最后对低温(10℃)发酵饲料的品质进行综合评价。【结果】当耐低温酿酒酵母、乳酸菌和枯草芽孢杆菌复配比例为3∶1∶3,且复配菌剂接种量为18.50%,发酵时间为20.50 d,硫酸铵添加量为2.53%时,饲料粗蛋白含量最高,为20.05%。与常温(30℃)发酵相比,低温发酵赋予秸秆饲料更浓郁的香气,揭示了20种差异显著的香气成分,其中苯乙醇含量最高,达到20.22μg/g,赋予饲料玫瑰香气。同时,在低温发酵饲料中检测到甲氧基乙酸乙酯(清香味)、草酸二环丁酯(芳香味)、碳酸甲乙酯(果香味)等特征芳香气味物质。此外,低温发酵减少霉菌污染,与常温不添加菌剂和常温添加菌剂发酵相比,低温发酵饲料中霉菌毒素含量分别降低46.4%和22.9%。【结论】混菌低温发酵可有效提高玉米秸秆黄贮饲料的品质,在提高玉米秸秆黄贮饲料蛋白含量和增香诱食方面具有较大的潜力。【Objective】To produce high-quality corn straw yellow silage feed with high protein content and high palatability,a low-temperature fermentation process of corn straw yellow silage was developed using agricultural resource waste corn straw as the primary raw material and cold-resistant low-temperature Saccharomyces cerevisiae,lactic acid bacteria,and Bacillus subtilis as fermentation strains.【Method】Firstly,crude protein content was used as the primary index to investigate the compounding ratio of fermentation agents.The effects of inoculation amount,fermentation time,and ammonium sulfate addition amount on fermented feed were then explored using the single-factor test in conjunction with the response surface optimization test.Finally,the quality of low-temperature(10℃)fermented feed was thoroughly assessed.【Result】The crude protein content of the feed was the highest at 20.05%,while the compound ratio of cold-resistant S.cerevisiae,lactic acid bacteria,and Bacillus subtilis was 3∶1∶3,the inoculation amount of compound microbial agent was 18.50%,the fermentation time was 20.50 d,and the addition amount of ammonium sulfate was 2.53%.When compared to standard temperature(30℃)fermentation,low-temperature fermentation produced a greater scent in straw feed,with 20 aroma components showing significant variations.Phenylethyl alcohol had the greatest amount(20.22μg/g),giving the feed a rose fragrance.Concurrently,characteristic aromatic odor compounds such as ethyl methoxyacetate(fragrance),dicyclobutyl oxalate(aromatic),and ethyl methyl carbonate(fruity)were found in low-temperature fermented feed.In addition,low-temperature fermentation reduced fungal contamination.Compared with fermentation without and with added microbial agents at room temperature,the fungal toxin content in low-temperature fermented feed reduced by 46.44%and 22.9%,respectively.【Conclusion】Low-temperature fermentation with mixed microorganisms can effectively improve the quality of corn straw fermented yellow silage feed,esp

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 混合菌剂 低温发酵 黄贮 高蛋白 增香 

分 类 号：TS2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]