近代中国人权观形成中的自主性——以康有为人权观为对象  

Autonomy in the formation of Chinese view of human rights in modern China——Taking Kang Youwei’s view of human rights as the object

作　　者：栾兆星 LUAN Zhaoxing

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报(法学版)》2025年第1期101-113,共13页Journal of Soochow University:Law Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中国传统法理的创造性转化与创新性发展研究”(项目编号:22CFX052)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以康有为人权观作为研究对象,可发现近代中国人权观在形成中蕴含了一种以中国传统文明为底蕴的自主性立场。为应对西方文明的冲击以及维持儒学的生命力,康有为重构儒学普遍主义,将人权融入儒学之中。维新时期,他树立起孔子改制的形象,试图为儒学在义理上容纳人权这一人类共同价值以及在制度上吸纳政治参与提供合理性基础。庚子年后,在注释儒学经典以及写就的《大同书》中,他通过创造性地诠释“天”“仁”“人性”等儒学核心范畴或观念,系统性地融人权于儒学之中。康有为人权观在保持普遍性的同时,又具有儒家思想的底色,彰显了人权普遍性与个殊性的辩证关系,因此与近代西方人权观有重要区别。康有为的人权观植根于儒学内在发展的脉络,迥异于梁启超引介的对中国传统文明造成冲击的权利思想。康有为这种返本开新的创举,展现了近代中国人权观形成中的自主性,对当下中国人权自主知识体系的建构不无借鉴与启示意义。In examining Kang Youwei’s concept of human rights,it is evident that his perspective,formed during the late Qing Dynasty,reflects an independent stance rooted in traditional Chinese civilisation.In an effort to counter the influence of Western civilisation and rejuvenate Confucianism,Kang Youwei sought to reconstruct the universalism of Confucian thought,incorporating human rights into its framework.During the reform period,he reimagined Confucius as a reformer and innovator,providing a legitimate basis for Confucianism to accommodate universal values within its ethical system and political participation.After the Gengzi year,Kang Youwei’s commentary on Confucian classics,particularly the“Book of Datong”,demonstrated his innovative interpretation of Confucian concepts such as Tian Ren RenXing,systematically integrating human rights into Confucian thought.While maintaining the universality of human rights,Kang Youwei’s views were underpinned by a Confucian ethos,revealing the dialectical relationship between the universality and particularity of human rights.Consequently,his approach to human rights diverged significantly from the Western conception,being firmly grounded in the internal development of Confucianism,in contrast to the more Westernised perspective of Liang Qichao,which had a profound impact on traditional Chinese civilisation.This pioneering work highlights the autonomy of the development of a Chinese conception of human rights in modern China,offering valuable insights for the construction of an independent human rights knowledge system within the country.

关 键 词：人权 儒学 康有为 自主性 自主知识体系 

分 类 号：B258[哲学宗教—中国哲学] K25[历史地理—历史学] D909.2[历史地理—中国史]