共时词汇化汉日对比研究——以概念编码化、词汇化模式及矢量动词为对象的考察  

A Synchronic Study on Lexicalization in Chinese and Japanese:A Contrastive Analysis Focusing on Conceptual Encoding,Lexicalization Patterns and Vector Verbs

作　　者：王忻 Wang Xin(University of Zhejiang Yuexiu,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江越秀外国语学院东语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2025年第1期42-55,共14页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“语法化与词汇化界面的汉日对比研究”(批准号:19BYY194)阶段研究成果,项目主持人:王忻。

摘　　要：概念编码化、词汇化模式和矢量动词是共时词汇化下的几个重要课题,汉日二语言在该领域内呈现多样有趣的对应。汉日语名词、形容词、动词的词汇化的过程、路径、特征的对比考察的结论证明:对同样的客观事物、现象,汉日语词汇化的视点、数量甚至词性都会不同,证明了对概念的符号化即语言编码与语言使用者的环境、经验和习惯关注点都有密切关系。动词对经典的词汇化模式最主要相关,本文在认可泰尔米“卫星框架”和“动词框架”的基本分类基础之上,以语料分析为基础对比了汉日语词汇化模式上的异同,结论认为该分类在汉日语的语言事实中有很多例外从而具有不彻底性。在矢量动词方面以汉英对比既有成果为基础,揭示了“成对自他动词”“成对他他动词”特别是后者的矢量反向特有现象,得出汉语、日语各自具有明显的独特性的结论。Conceptual coding,lexicalization patterns,and vector verbs are among the important topics of synchronic lexicalization.However,Chinese and Japanese show diverse and interesting contrasts in these fields,which is the main motivation of this paper.The conclusion of the comparative study on the process,path,and characteristics of lexicalization of noun,adjective and verb in Chinese and Japanese is as follows.For the same objective things and phenomena,the quantity and even the part of speech of lexicalization in Chinese and Japanese are different.It is proved that the symbolization of concepts,that is,language coding,is closely related to the environment,experience and habits of language users.Verbs are most closely related to the classical lexicalization patterns of language.We acknowledge the basic classification of"satellite framework"and"verb framework",we compared the similarities and differences in the lexicalization patterns of Chinese and Japanese based on corpus analysis,but also point out the incompleteness of many exceptions to this classification.Based on the comparison between Chinese and English in vector verbs,this study reveals the unique phenomenon of vector reversal of"paired self-agentive verbs"and"paired agentive verbs",and draws the conclusion that Chinese and Japanese have their own distinct uniqueness.

关 键 词：共时词汇化 汉日对比 概念编码化 词汇化模式 矢量动词 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语] H36