伦理规训到德性共生:儿童群像重构与教育范式转型  

From Ethical Discipline to Virtuous Symbiosis:Reconstruction of Children’s Collective Image and Transformation of Educational Paradigms

作　　者：王亚晶 Wang Yajing(Huzhou Normal College)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院人文学院,湖州313000

出　　处：《当代教育科学》2025年第1期11-17,共7页Contemporary Education Sciences

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(项目编号:SJCX23_0536)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：儿童群像具有社会建构性与文化生成性,其建构与生成反映了社会对儿童的认知与期待,影响儿童精神品质的塑造与发展。以时代变迁为主线,基于文化教育学视角考察儿童群像可知,中国古代以儒家文化为根基的传统文化对儿童开展的是“伦理之教”,儿童的个性和创造力受到压制。“五四新文化运动”重构了近现代文化价值坐标,“人的重新发现”促使儿童观发生革命性转变,知识分子呼吁解放儿童,发出“救救孩子”的时代呐喊,在推动传统“伦理之教”转向新式科学、民主的教育中起到振聋发聩之作用。新中国建立以来,经由新民主主义教育方针、社会主义教育方针等新型制度文化形塑,儿童教育实践从“集体规训”转向“个性唤醒”。当前,落实立德树人根本任务,应直面社会文化转型与儿童培养新挑战,努力超越传统“伦理之教”困境,以现代德性伦理共同体推动从规训到共生之教育范式转型,保障儿童实现主体性精神成长。The collective images of children in Chinese history possess social constructiveness and cultural generativity.Their construction and generation reflect society’s perceptions and expectations of children,and influence the shaping and development of children’s spiritual qualities.Taking the changes in historical eras as the main thread,a diachronic examination of the constructive characteristics of children’s collective images from the perspective of cultural pedagogy reveals that traditional culture,rooted in Confucianism in ancient China,emphasized“ethical education”for children.This led to the deprivation of children’s independent personality rights,resulting in an ethical dilemma where individuality and creativity were suppressed.The May Fourth Movement restructured the cultural value coordinates of modern times,and the“rediscovery of the individual”prompted a revolutionary transformation in children’s perception.Progressive intellectuals called for the liberation of children,echoing the era’s cry of Save the Children,which significantly shifted traditional ethical education toward a new form of scientific and democratic education.Since the establishment of New China,the shaping of children’s education practices through new institutional cultures such as the New Democratic Education Policy and the Socialist Education Policy has transitioned from collective discipline to individual awakening.Currently,in response to the era’s need for moral education,it is essential to confront the new challenges in cultivating children amid social and cultural transformations and modern educational practices,striving to transcend the limitations of traditional ethical instruction by fostering a modern virtue-based ethical community to facilitate a paradigm shift from discipline to symbiosis in education,thereby ensuring children’s spiritual development of subjectivity.

关 键 词：伦理之教 儿童群像 社会建构 精神成长 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]