149份山楂种质资源果实总酚、黄酮、花青苷含量差异分析  

Difference analysis in the content of the total phenols,flavonoid,and anthocyanin of 149 accessions of hawthorn gremplasm resources

作　　者：赵柏棚 崔茗淇 孙馨宇 汪宇 王祥旭 刘月学[1,2] 张枭 ZHAO Baipeng;CUI Mingqi;SUN Xinyu;WANG Yu;WANG Xiangxu;LIU Yuexue;ZHANGXiao(College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,Liaoning,China;National Field Genebank for Hawthorn,Shenyang 110866,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110866 [2]国家山楂种质资源圃(沈阳),沈阳110866

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第3期486-497,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(JYTQN2023298)。

摘　　要：【目的】山楂作为食药同源植物,具有抗炎等药学潜能。为了开发山楂中的活性物质、选育山楂新品种,通过评估149份山楂种质资源中总酚、黄酮和花青苷含量的多样性来筛选优异种质资源。【方法】以国家山楂种质资源圃(沈阳)中保存的149份山楂种质资源为试验材料,分析果实中总酚、总黄酮和花青苷的含量,并通过聚类分析和隶属函数分析对这些资源进行分类和筛选。【结果】总酚、总黄酮和花青苷含量存在显著差异。总酚含量(w,后同)野圃8号为最高(1.531 mg·g^(-1)),而桓仁向阳最低(0.110 mg·g^(-1))。总黄酮含量野圃8号为最高(56.434 mg·g^(-1)),紫珍珠-1最低(19.763 mg·g^(-1))。花青苷含量野生山里红-3最高(720.218μg·g^(-1)),黄果最低(19.187μg·g^(-1))。聚类分析显示了五类山楂资源,其中第一类的总酚(0.557~1.531 mg·g^(-1))和总黄酮(28.848~56.434 mg·g^(-1))含量平均值最高。利用百分位数分析初步建立了山楂3种活性成分的分级标准。【结论】根据隶属函数值和聚类分析结果筛选出15份优异山楂种质资源,为后期筛选适宜鲜食和加工的品种以及今后选育优质山楂新品种提供相关依据。百分位数分析建立的分级标准可用于山楂种质资源成熟果实总酚、总黄酮和花青苷含量的系统性评价。【Objective】Hawthorn(Crataegus L.),a plant belonging to the Rosaceae family and the apple tribe of the subfamily Maloideae,is renowned for its dual utility as both food and medicinal herb.Its historical use in medicine and food processing underscores its significance in both areas.The bioactive components present in hawthorn,particularly total phenols,total flavonoids,and anthocyanins,are known to contribute significantly to its health benefits,exhibiting a range of effects including anti-inflammatory,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer properties.However,the diversity among hawthorn species is vast,leading to substantial variations in the contents of these active components.A systematic evaluation method is needed for the diversity of bioactive components content in hawthorn fruit.This study aimed to offer a basis for the selection of new varieties of hawthorn,and improve the utilization of these resources in the development of functional foods and other areas.【Methods】149 accessions of hawthorn germplasm resources from the National Hawthorn Germplasm Repository in Shenyang were used in this research.The fruits of these resources were meticulously processed to ensure the integrity of the total phenols,total flavonoids,and anthocyanins.The process began with cutting the hawthorn fruits in to pieces,which were then subjected to liquid nitrogen treatment to preserve their freshness and potency.The treated fruits were subsequently stored at-80℃to maintain their quality for later analysis.The samples were ground using a grinder to obtain a fine powder,from which 0.5 grams of freeze-dried hawthorn powder was weighed for each variety.A small amount of pre-cooled 1%HCl methanol solution was added to the powder,and the mixture was diluted to 10 mL.The mixture was homogenized and extracted in the dark at 4℃for 20 minutes,with occasional shaking to ensure thorough mixing.After the extraction process,the samples were centrifuged at 12000 r·min-1 for 10 minutes at 4℃to separate the supernatant from the solid residue.

关 键 词：山楂 果实品质 总酚 总黄酮 花青苷 聚类分析 隶属函数 

分 类 号：S661.5[农业科学—果树学]