翟理斯《语学举隅》句式教学考察——以“把”字句为例  

The Teaching of Sentence Patterns in A Dictionary of Colloquial Idioms in the Mandarin Dialect by Giles--Taking“Ba(把)”Sentence as an Example

作　　者：刘园 Liu Yuan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shandong Normal University,Ji’nan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第12期21-27,共7页Modern Chinese

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“明清时期域外汉字教学文献整理与研究”(23BYY174)。

摘　　要：由翟理斯编纂的《语学举隅》,是一本官话口语词汇手册,全书共有1001个英汉对照的例句,均为日常生活用语,其中包含了289个“把”字句。通过对《语学举隅》例句的梳理,归纳出“把”字句的类型和特点。就句法结构来说,根据VP内部的结构情况,可以将“把”字句划分为七种类型,动趋式和动结式结构占了绝大多数。就语义关系来说,《语学举隅》中的“把”字句全部表处置义,而表致使义的“把”字句并未出现。它呈现出的是最为常用的“把”字句结构形态,并揭示出与动词搭配使用时的基本规则,更适合初级阶段的汉语学习者使用。由此可以窥探出翟理斯精简且高效的编写理念和聚焦学习者需求的教学理念。通过这一个案研究,不仅可以丰富汉语史的研究语料,还可以为国际中文教育的句式教学提供参考。A Dictionary of Colloquial Idioms in the Mandarin Dialect compiled by Giles is a handbook of spoken Mandarin vocabulary.The whole book contains 1,001 English-Chinese example sentences,all of which are daily expressions,including 289“ba(把)”sentences.We summarize the types and characteristics of“ba(把)”sentences based on the statistics of the example sentences of A Dictionary of Colloquial Idioms in the Mandarin Dialect.In terms of syntactic structure,“ba(把)”sentences can be divided into seven types according to the internal structure of VP,with the verb-trend and verb-result structures accounting for the vast majority.In terms of semantic relationship,all“ba(把)”sentences in A Dictionary of Colloquial Idioms in the Mandarin Dialect express the meaning of disposal,while the“ba(把)”sentences expressing the meaning of causation do not appear.It presents the most commonly used“ba(把)”sentence structure and reveals the basic rules for its use with verbs,making it more suitable for Chinese learners at the elementary level.From this,we can get a glimpse of Giles’concise and efficient writing concept and teaching concept that focuses on learners’needs.Through this case study,we can not only enrich the research corpus of Chinese history,but also provide a reference for sentence teaching in International Chinese Language Education.

关 键 词：翟理斯 《语学举隅》 “把”字句 类型 句法结构 句式教学 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语] H195